Make up a complex sentence with the preposition to. Complex sentence diagram. Complex sentences: examples with conjunctions. How to remember writing compound prepositions

The Russian language has functional parts of speech: prepositions, conjunctions, particles.

Let's take a closer look at prepositions. A preposition is an auxiliary part of speech that serves to connect words in phrases and sentences. Let's give examples. Before us is the phrase sit down at your desk. If there were no preposition, then there would be no phrase with meaning. There would be a combination of words sit down at the desk. But what is the meaning of this combination of words? Here's a proposal I walked up to my house, opened the lock with the key and entered the yard. In this sentence there are two prepositions to (house) and to (yard). The meaning of the proposal is clear. And if these pretexts were not there, we would get the following: I walked up to my house, opened the lock with the key and entered the yard. Not everything in this proposal is clear.

All prepositions are divided into two groups:

• non-derivatives;
• derivatives;
• there are no others.

Non-derivative and derived prepositions

Non-derivative prepositions are prepositions that exist initially and are not formed from any parts of speech (these are prepositions such as: in, in, on, for, before, from, under, to, to, with, with, before, on , Podo and many others).

Derivative prepositions originate from other parts of speech: adverbs, gerunds, nouns and other parts of speech.

Here are examples of sentences with derived prepositions:

During the day, workers tried to lay out this wall with bricks. (Compare: There are a lot of fish in the river. - Here during- noun with preposition V).

Throughout the day, students studied in the library. (Compare: New characters appeared in the continuation of the book.)

Tourists settled down to rest near the river. (Compare: Tourists are located nearby.)

We planted many flowers near the house: buttercups, asters, irises. (Compare: We planted a lot of flowers around.)

This owner always has decorative elements inside the house. (Compare: There are always decorative elements inside.)

Tourists walked along the river in a hurry. (Compare: The Russian river stretches along it.)

It was necessary to agree on the excursion in advance. (Compare: Put money into a bank account.)

Thanks to good weather, the excursion was not cancelled. (compare: The guests left the house, thanks to the hostess.)

According to the schedule, buses will begin running on this route tomorrow. (Compare: The delegates present nodded in agreement.)

Despite the weather, our class decided not to cancel the excursion. (Compare: Despite my comrade, I walked along the road.)

Task B6 tests your ability to analyze and parse a complex sentence. Depending on the option, you will need to find:

1) complex sentence;

2) complex sentence;

3) a complex sentence with a certain type of subordinate clause;

4) a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses indicating the type of attachment of the subordinate clauses to the main clause;

5) complex non-union proposal;

6) a complex sentence with different types of connections.

Hint from the site.

To remember the different types of communication, re-read task A9.

The following diagram will also help you:

Complex sentence.

Complex sentence is a sentence that includes two or more bases, where one base is subordinate to the other.

Since the structure of the sentence, the question from the main stem to the dependent (subordinate) can be different, there are several types of complex:

Subordinate clause type	Features of the subordinate clause	Which question does it answer?	Means of communication
			unions	allied words
attributive	contains a characteristic of an object, reveals its attribute (refers to the noun in the main part)	Which? which one?	so that, as if, as if	which, which, what, whose, when, where, where, etc.
pronominal attributive	refers to the pronoun in the main part of the SPP ( then, that, those, each, every, any, all, all, all) and specifies the meaning of the pronoun	Who exactly? What exactly?	as, as if, as if, what, to	who, what, which, which, whose, which, etc.
explanatory	the subordinate part is required by words with the meaning of thought, feeling, speech (verb, adjective, noun)	questions of indirect cases (what? about what? what?)	what, as, as if, as if, as if, as if, so that, bye	who, what, which, which, whose, where, where, from, how much, how much, why
mode of action and degree	1) reveals the method or quality of the action, as well as the measure or degree of manifestation of the characteristic in the main part of the sentence; 2) have demonstrative words in the main part ( so, so much, thus, to that, so much, to such an extent...).	How? how? to what extent or extent?	what, so, how, as if, exactly
places	1) contains an indication of the place or space where what is said in the main part takes place; 2) can extend the main part or reveal the content of adverbs there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and etc.	Where?		where, where, where
time	1) indicates the time of the action or manifestation of the sign referred to in the main part; 2) can extend the main part or clarify the circumstance of time in the main part	When? how long? since when? How long?	when, while, how, while, after, since, barely, only
conditions	1) contains an indication of the condition on which the implementation of what is stated in the main part depends; 2) the condition can be emphasized in the main part by the combination in that case	under what condition?	if, how, how soon, once, when, whether...whether
causes	contains an indication of the reason or justification for what is said in the main part	Why? for what reason?	because, because, since, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, since, etc.
goals	contains an indication of the purpose or purpose of what is being said in the main part of the sentence	For what? for what purpose? For what?	so that, in order to, in order to, then that, so that, if only, if only
concessions	contains an indication of the condition contrary to which what is said in the main part is accomplished	no matter what? in spite of what?	although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, even though, even though
comparative	compares objects or phenomena in the main part and subordinate clause	How? (what does it look like?)	as, just as, as if, as if, exactly, as if
consequences	indicates a consequence arising from the content of the main part of the sentence	what follows from this? what was the consequence?	So

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Complex sentence with different types of connection (examples)

(1) The morning is magnificent: the air is cool; the sun is not high yet.

(2) And the steering wheel fidgets, and the trim creaks, and the canvas is pulled into reefs.

(3) I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.

(4) There is glory for everyone; work and it is yours.

(5) The grief will be forgotten, a miracle will happen, what was only a dream will come true.

(6) I looked at the hut, and my heart sank - this always happens when you see something that you have been thinking about for many years.

(7) And yet he was sad, and somehow he especially dryly told the chief of staff that his adjutant had been killed and he needed to find a new one.

Action algorithm.

1. Highlight the basics.

2. Eliminate all simple sentences.

3. See how the basics are connected: conjunction, conjunction word, intonation.

4. Define the boundaries of the fundamentals.

5. Determine the type of connection.

Analysis of the task.

Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write his number.

(1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher sternly told him: “Valery Petrovich, move up!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Let's highlight the basics:

(1) As a child, I hated matinees because my father came to our kindergarten. (2) He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody, and our teacher she strictly told him: “Valery Petrovich, go higher!” (3) All the guys looked at my father and choked with laughter. (4) He was small, plump, began to go bald early, and, although he never drank, for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s. (5) Children, when they wanted to say about someone that he was funny and ugly, said this: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

Proposition No. 3 is simple. Let's exclude him.

We define the boundaries of sentences and see how the basics are connected:

(1) [As a child, I hated matinees], ( That's why What my father came to our kindergarten). (2) [He sat on a chair near the Christmas tree, played his button accordion for a long time, trying to find the right melody], A[our teacher sternly told him]: “Valery Petrovich, go higher!” (4)[He was small, plump, and began to go bald early] And, (Although never drank), [for some reason his nose was always beet red, like a clown’s]. (5) [Children, ( When wanted to say about someone), ( What he’s funny and ugly), they said: “He looks like Ksyushka’s dad!”

The first sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (why did I hate matinees? Because my father came).

The second sentence is a compound sentence with direct speech.

The fourth sentence is complex with a coordinating connection (conjunction and) and a subordinating connection (clause although...).

The fifth sentence is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses and direct speech. The first subordinate clause is time (the children said when? when they wanted to talk about someone); the second subordinate clause is explanatory (they wanted to say something about someone? that he is funny and ugly).

So way, the correct answer is sentence No. 5.

Practice.

1. Among sentences 1 – 9, find a complex sentence that contains a subordinate clause. Write the number of this offer.

(1) It is not difficult to imagine what was going on at that moment in the soul of the commander: he, who had taken upon himself the unbearable burden of a shameful retreat, was deprived of the glory of a victorious battle. (2) ...Barclay's traveling carriage stopped at one of the post stations near Vladimir. (3) He headed towards the stationmaster’s house, but his path was blocked by a huge crowd. (4) Insulting shouts and threats were heard. (5) Barclay’s adjutant had to draw his saber to pave the way to the carriage. (6) What consoled the old soldier, upon whom the unjust anger of the crowd fell? (7) Perhaps faith in the correctness of one’s decision: it is this faith that gives a person the strength to go to the end, even if he has to alone. (8) And perhaps Barclay was consoled by hope. (9) The hope that someday dispassionate time will reward everyone according to their deserts and the fair court of history will certainly acquit the old warrior who gloomily rides in a carriage past a roaring crowd and swallows bitter tears.

2. Among sentences 1 – 10, find a complex sentence that includes subordinate clause(s). Write the number(s) for this sentence.

(1) No matter how hard I tried, I could not imagine that there once were houses here, noisy children running, apple trees growing, women drying clothes... (2) No sign of the former life! (3) Nothing! (4) Only the sad feather grass mournfully swayed its stems and the dying river barely moved among the reeds... (5) I suddenly felt scared, as if the earth had become exposed beneath me and I found myself on the edge of a bottomless abyss. (6) It can’t be! (7) Does man really have nothing to oppose to this dull, indifferent eternity? (8) In the evening I cooked fish soup. (9) Mishka threw wood on the fire and reached into the pot with his cyclopean spoon to take a sample. (10) Shadows moved timidly next to us, and it seemed to me that people who had once lived here timidly came here from the past to warm themselves by the fire and talk about their lives.

3. Among sentences 1 – 11, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) An old man in a naval uniform was sitting on the river bank. (2) The last pre-autumn dragonflies fluttered over him, some sat on worn epaulettes, breathed and fluttered when the man occasionally moved. (3) He felt stuffy, he relaxed his long-unbuttoned collar with his hand and froze, peering with teary eyes into the palms of the small waves patting the river. (4) What did he see now in this shallow water? (5) What was he thinking about? (6) Until recently, he still knew that he had won great victories, that he had managed to break out of the captivity of old theories and discovered new laws of naval combat, that he had created more than one invincible squadron, and trained many glorious commanders and crews of warships.

Pretext- this is the auxiliary part of our speech, which expresses semantic connections between nouns, numerals and pronouns and other words in sentences or phrases: went to school, climbed the mountain, ran down the street, approached my father.

Prepositions in Russian, like other auxiliary parts of speech, do not change and always remain in the form in which they exist: in the middle, in half, on, with. Also, prepositions are not members of a sentence, but when parsing a sentence, prepositions are emphasized together with the member of the sentence to which they relate: After short-lived fluctuations the animal came up to me (after hesitation- circumstance, to me- circumstance).

Prepositions, particle conjunctions- these are auxiliary (non-independent) parts of speech. Despite this, they have their own classification and are divided into certain types.

Types of prepositions.

According to morphological characteristics prepositions can be divided into three types:

1. Simple prepositions- prepositions that consist of one word that has the same base: on, in, by, to, with, iso, over, about, after, before, thanks and etc .
2. Complex prepositions- prepositions that consist of one, but have two roots and are written with a hyphen: from under, from behind, over and etc.
3. Compound prepositions- these are prepositions that consist of two or more words: during, in continuation, in contrast to, despite and etc.

By origin, prepositions are:

• Non-derivative prepositions- these are ordinary prepositions that cannot be associated with formation from any part of speech: from, on, in, with, to, by, from, for and many others. Non-derivative prepositions also include complex prepositions: over, from behind, from under.
• Derivative prepositions- these are prepositions formed from other parts of speech (nouns, verbs, etc.): during, in continuation, despite, in view, like and etc.

Derivative prepositions.

There are derivative prepositions several types, which depend on the part of speech with which the formation of the preposition is associated:

1. Denominative prepositions are prepositions formed most often from nouns. The formation of such prepositions can occur with the help of adverbs or directly from the noun. Denominative prepositions include the following: by virtue of, in contrast to, during, like, in view of, as a result of, in continuation of, in contrast to and others. Noun with preposition or an excuse?
2. Verbal prepositions are prepositions that are formed from gerunds: despite, including, thanks, later, later, despite, etc. How do prepositions differ from conjunctions? or another part of speech?
3. Adverbial prepositions are prepositions that come from adverbs: behind, in front, about, inside, near, around, except, in spite of, etc.

Prepositions and case agreement.

Prepositions can be used with one or several forms cases. At the same time, there are prepositions that require control in a specific case: according to - dative, due to - genitive, and in - prepositional and accusative:

According to the schedule, according to the schedule; because of the rain, because of the mother; to Crimea, in Crimea.

Classifications of prepositions according to lexical criteria.

A preposition can express:

• Temporal relation: jump from morning to evening;
• Spatial relation: visit St. Petersburg and Lake Baikal;
• Compare and contrast relationship: as tall as me, something like a flash;
• Escort attitude: take with you, come with your brother;
• Cause ratio: burst into tears of grief;
• Object relation: forget about vacation, talk about wedding;
• Target relationships: going out dress; food for the holiday;

And other categories.

How to do morphological analysis of a preposition?

Preposition parsing plan:

1) Part of speech, purpose of this part of speech;

2) Type of preposition: simple, compound or complex;

3) Type of preposition: derivative or non-derivative;

4) Which word does it refer to;

5) In what case is it controlled in a sentence (phrase);

6) Classification of preposition according to lexical criteria.

An example of morphological analysis of a preposition.

There were two people standing on the porch: he and with him.

On the porch)- preposition, serves to connect words in a given sentence, simple, non-derivative, refers to a noun "porch", used with the prepositional case, has spatial-object relations with the noun.

With him)- preposition, serves to connect words in a sentence, simple, non-derivative, refers to a pronoun "him", used with the instrumental case, has the meaning of accompaniment.

The preposition is quite curious. They express the relationship between object and subject, and these relationships can be as complex as desired. Prepositions are not only “small words” like “to”, “by”, “for”, “through”, etc., but also whole phrases - “due to the fact that”, “due to the fact that”, “ on the occasion of the fact that” and others. Such prepositions consisting of several words are called compound prepositions. Naturally, they did not form in the Russian language right away: they began their development in the 19th – 20th centuries, when scientific literature and the media gained universal popularity. The relationships between the members of a sentence (statement) in such literature are quite complex and subtle and are far from those used in the speech of “naive” native speakers.

Various types of “new” specific prepositions - compound, complex (written with a hyphen: “because”, “on-over”, “from under”, etc.), derivatives (formed from other parts of speech: “by”, “as a consequence”, “in continuation”, etc.) even at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries were associated with clerical and other types of “non-artistic” speech (for example, journalistic). Korney Chukovsky in his book “Alive as Life” gives an interesting example. One old retired official decided to get busy and tried to translate the romantic fairy tale “Red Rose”. The translation as a whole turned out to be good, but the language in which it was written was more like clerical language. Here is one of the fragments: “For lack of a red rose, my life is broken.” The publishing house told the official that such pretexts are unacceptable in a romantic story. The old man seemed to understand everything and redid the text: “Due to the absence of a red rose, my life is broken,” making the speech of the desperate hero even more clerical.

A new round of popularity of compound prepositions occurred in the first decades of Soviet power, when all aspects of human life were subject to politicization. Documentation, reports, decrees, resolutions, propaganda newspapers - all this forced ordinary people to use “clerical” pretexts even in everyday conversations.

In modern times, such components as “in part”, “in action” have become in demand; they are typical for business speech.

By the way, the size of these “difficult” prepositions is sometimes amazing: some of them are much longer than nouns, adjectives and verbs. The longest preposition (and at the same time conjunction) is “accordingly”, it consists of 14 letters. This excuse is often used by teachers as well as employers.

How to remember writing compound prepositions

It is often difficult to write compound prepositions. For example, the ending for such prepositions as “in continuation”, “during”, as well as for the one written together “as a result”. These prepositions were formed from stable phrases in which the noun is in the accusative case. All such nouns (cf. “I’ll come at an hour”, “minute at a minute”) have the meaning of time, some lasting period. The simple preposition “in” in this case is synonymous with the expression “during”: “During the continuation of the conversation (that is, while the conversation continued), he did not mention the matter again.”

At the same time, in the combinations “in continuation”, “during” it is in the prepositional case and answers the question “where?”, “in what?”: “In the continuation of the story (that is, in the text) the hero does this and that this and that."

The preposition “despite” is also very often misspelled. Once upon a time, at the time of its inception, it really was a combination of a gerund with the particle “not” and a simple preposition “on”, so it was written separately. But those times are long gone, and the preposition “despite” is written together.

Some of the mistakes are astounding. “In conclusion, I’ll tell you about…” - one gets the impression that the speaker is sitting in or is about to sit down. I wonder if those who make such mistakes understand the meaning of what they write?

Writing derived prepositions

Derivative prepositions formed from phrases are adjacent to compound prepositions in origin and complexity of spelling. How to correctly write “an object (like) a cube”? in this case, you should choose a synonym for the intended preposition: “an object like a cube.” The meaning remains the same - this means that we have a derivative preposition that is written together. But “a problem (like) triangles” does not stand up to such a test: “a problem like triangles” is nonsense; This means that here there is a preposition and a noun, which are written separately (and the noun is also part of a stable phrase - the term “similarity of triangles”). By the way, “like” is also a compound preposition. Their simple synonym is the colloquial “type”, as well as the conjunction “like”: “an object like a cube.” This preposition has its “double”: “In the genus Panthera of the Feline family there are four species - lion, tiger, jaguar and leopard.”

The preposition “instead” is synonymous with the preposition “for”, “about” - “about”, “in view of” - “because of”. The preposition “after” roughly corresponds to the simple preposition “on”: “We looked after the departing train” - “we looked at the departing train.” These prepositions should be distinguished from phrases with nouns and simple prepositions: “Put money into my bank account”, “we arrived at the place he indicated”, “the hunter looked at the trail and determined what kind of animal ran here”, “have in mind."

Prepositions	Difference from a combination of a noun and a preposition
In view of(=for reason, due to)	Keep in mind, in mind (= close, within sight)
Like, like(=like)	Notice the similarity between mother and daughter.Sort of The Ivanovs are all blondes
About(=o)	Put down the money on account in the bank
Instead of(=for)	We entered the forest instead of where the sun's rays hardly penetrated
Due to(=for reason, due to)	As a consequence New documents have been added to this criminal case
Following:We looked with slight sadness after the sailing ship sailing away	Grandfather looked closely follow an animal that recently ran through the snow
Formed from adverbs: be inside Houses,go towards the wind, growing along roads and etc.	To the meeting classmates we get together every ten years

Prepositions such as “inside” and “along” are written together: “what lies inside the box”, “trees grow along the road”. It is not difficult to remember this, because there are no words “inside” and “dol”, although in the Old Russian language they may have existed. These prepositions were formed from adverbs with the meaning of space, and adverbs are always written together. The preposition “towards” also belongs to this group, also formed from the adverb: “To go towards the wind” (preposition), “he goes to meet” (adverb); however, it must be distinguished from a prepositional noun: “we are going to a homecoming.”

Why do so many people make mistakes when writing prepositions? Most likely, the matter is simple inattention - the writers do not understand the meaning of the text or understand it approximately. Each element of the language has its own meaning, and if you rely on it, you can easily determine the correct spelling.

The complex sentence diagram must be correctly composed. Only she will help you understand complex cases of placing commas, dashes and colons. In addition, its schematic execution also helps to correctly characterize a complex syntactic unit. Issues of syntax and punctuation are included in the tasks of the Unified State Exam and State Examination, so it is absolutely necessary to be able to visually represent the composition of a complex sentence. How to do this correctly? Let's find out in this article.

The concept of a complex sentence

It is necessary to define a complex sentence as such. This is the most complex syntactic unit, containing several simple ones.

Thus, such a sentence has at least two grammatical stems. They can be related to each other in different ways:

• and allied words.
• Non-union.
• Within one syntactic unit, various types of connections can be observed.

Accordingly, in the Russian language they are determined by the type of connection within them. They will be called complex, compound, non-union and with different types of connection, respectively.

Sentence outline: main points

The layout of a complex sentence requires special attention. In fact, it is necessary to explain the placement of all punctuation marks. the algorithm for its compilation can be represented as follows:

1. Highlight grammatical basics and determine the number of parts.
2. Find out the type of connection between parts within a sentence. It must be remembered that we denote subordination with round brackets, the main part, coordinating and non-union connections with square brackets.
3. Identify the minor members of the sentence, see if there are homogeneous ones among them. The latter are also necessary in an expanded circuit. It should be remembered that particles and conjunctions do not play a syntactic function. Prepositions refer to those parts of a sentence with which they form a grammatical link.
4. See how each part of the circumstance is complicated, introductory words and constructions, homogeneous members).
5. In a complex sentence, determine the type of subordination: parallel or sequential.

Complex sentence and its diagram

Let's look at everything using a specific example: In the summer sky, dappled with rippling clouds, small clouds began to gather, and a cool rain began to drizzle.

First, let's prove that this sentence is really complex. It has two bases: clouds (subject 1), began to gather (predicate 2); rain (subject 2), drizzled (predicate 2). The parts are connected by a conjunction and, accordingly, a compound sentence.

We work with the first part: in the sky - a circumstance expressed by a noun with a preposition; summer - definition expressed by an adjective; small - definition expressed by an adjective. This part is complicated by the isolated definition of clouds dappled with ripples; it is expressed by a participial phrase.

The second part has only one minor member, the definition of cool. It is not complicated by anything. Thus, the diagram of a complex sentence will look like this:

, [and=-]

In this diagram, the sign X indicates the word being defined to which the separate definition applies.

The diagram will help to distinguish a complex sentence from a simple one with homogeneous predicates connected by the conjunction and. Let's compare: In the summer sky, dappled with rippling clouds, small clouds began to gather and cover the horizon. Here there are only homogeneous predicates: they began to gather, to cover. They are connected by and.

Complex sentence and its scheme

Complex sentences in Russian with a subordinating connection have unequal parts: main and subordinate. It is quite simple to identify them: the latter always contains a subordinating conjunction, or such complex sentence schemes are quite interesting. We will look at examples below. The fact is that a subordinate clause can appear at the beginning or end of a sentence and even break the main one.

When the Cossack raised his hand and shouted, a shot rang out. The sentence is complex: Cossack - subject 1; raised, shouted - predicates 1; shot - subject 2; rang out - predicate 2. The parts are connected by the conjunction when, it is subordinating, therefore the sentence is complex. In this case, the subordinate clause begins the sentence. Let's prove it. Firstly, it contains a union, and secondly, one can easily ask a question about it: the shot rang out (when?) when the Cossack raised his hand. In the diagram, the subordinate clause is enclosed in parentheses. In addition, the subordinate clause is complicated by homogeneous predicates (we also indicate them graphically). The scheme of a complex sentence will look like this: (when - = and =), [=-].

Another option is when a complex sentence begins with the main part: A shot rang out as the Cossack raised his hand and shouted.[=-], (when - = and =).

Complex sentences: special cases

The greatest difficulty is presented by complex sentences broken by subordinate clauses. Let's look at examples with unions now. The smoke from the fires, into which they threw everything, corroded my eyes to the point of tears. The grammatical basis of the main part: smoke is the subject, corroded is the predicate. The subordinate clause contains only the predicate thrown. The grammatical basis of the main part is broken by a subordinate clause with the conjunctive word which. Accordingly, the scheme will be like this: [-, (in which =), =].

Another example: The hut where we decided to stay, empty for several years, was located on the very edge of the village. Main part: subject - hut, predicate - was; it is complicated by the participial phrase, which is not isolated. Subordinate clause: subject - we, predicate - decided to stop. The scheme is as follows: [|p.o.|-, (where -=), =].

Scheme of a non-union complex sentence

We looked at coordinating and subordinating complex sentences. Examples with unions are not the only ones. There is also a connection of parts solely by meaning, non-union. Here the correct scheme is especially important, because in such sentences, along with commas, a semicolon, dash or colon can be used. Their choice depends on semantic and grammatical relations.

It should be remembered that the parts of a non-union sentence are equivalent and are indicated by square brackets. Let's look at examples.

1. The wind howled even stronger; The rats, scurrying around in their holes, ran even louder. This is a complex sentence, consisting of two parts: in the first, the wind howled, in the second, the rats ran. According to the rule, if there are still punctuation marks in other parts, it is required to put a semicolon in a non-union connection. The second part contains a separate definition, separated by a comma. The scheme will look like this: [-=]; [=-, |p.o.|].
2. There was a bustle in the house all day: servants were rushing around every now and then, the princesses were trying on outfits, the adults were excitedly checking their readiness for the holiday. This sentence with a non-union connection has four parts. The grammatical basics are as follows: vanity (subject) was (predicate), servants (subject) scurried about (predicate), princesses (subject) tried on (predicate), adults (subject) checked (predicate). The first sentence is explained by the subsequent ones, so a colon is necessary. The scheme is: [=-]: [=-], [-=], [-=].
3. If you read as a child, books will become true friends for life. Let us prove that the sentence is complex. There are two grammatical bases here: you will (predicate), books (subject) will become friends (predicate). In this case, a dash is required, because the second part contains a corollary to the first. The scheme is simple: [=] - [-=].

Different types of connection in a complex sentence

When studying complex sentences at school (8th grade), various types of connections are also taught within one sentence. Let's look at drawing up a diagram of such a design.

The souvenirs purchased during the trip were associated with some kind of history, and each trinket had a long pedigree, but among all these rare things there would not be one that would be worth attention in itself.(B. Garth)

This sentence has 4 parts connected by coordinating and subordinating connections. The first - souvenirs (subject) were connected (predicate), the second - a trinket (subject) possessed (predicate), the third - was not found (only the predicate), the fourth which (conjunctive word, subject) would be worth attention (predicate). There is a creative connection between the first and second parts; in addition, the first contains a separate definition; between the second and third there is also a coordinating one, between the third and fourth there is a subordinating one. The scheme will be like this: [-,|p.o.|,=], [a-=], [but =], (which =).

Characteristics of a complex sentence

The characteristics of the proposal should be inseparable from the diagram. It must indicate what it is in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation, and then it is necessary to describe each of the parts: composition (one or two parts), prevalence, complete or not, and how it is complicated.

Let us take as an example a sentence, the diagram of which was drawn up in the previous section. It is narrative, non-exclamatory. 1st part: two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase; 2nd part: two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated; 3rd part: one-part (impersonal), widespread, complete, uncomplicated; 4th part: two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated.