Regions and market economy of the Krasnoyarsk region. The role of the Krasnoyarsk region in the Russian economy. Krasnoyarsk Territory in the country's economy

Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most industrially developed regions of Russia. Thanks to the unique natural resources, many types of industrial activities have been developed in the region - hydropower and solid fuel power, non-ferrous metallurgy, mining, and forestry.

At the same time, key sectors of the regional economy play a significant role not only at the state, but also at the global level. Thus, the region produces more than 80% of the total Russian volume of nickel (or 20% of world production), more than 70% of copper, about 30% of primary aluminum, and almost 98% of platinum group metals. In terms of gold production volumes, the region takes first place in Russia, providing 18% of Russian production; in the all-Russian oil production, the region provides 2.5% of oil production, 0.3% of gas production.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is consistently among the top ten constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of gross regional product (GRP) production. The vast majority of the region's GRP comes from industry, in particular such sectors as non-ferrous metallurgy, electric power, mining and chemical industries, forestry and wood processing.

The advantages of the region's economy are associated with the use of local electricity and raw materials, the modern technological level of the region's mining enterprises, and a clear export component. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is constantly among the regions of Russia with the highest production volume. The region's share in Russian industry is 4%, the East Siberian economic region - 40%.

In the structure of the region's gross regional product, about 53% is industry and about 7% is agriculture.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which together provide more than 70% of its trade with foreign counterparties.

The natural resource potential that has existed for many years has created the prerequisites for the development of industrial production, and then investment potential. Thus, two-thirds of the region's territory covered with forests, high availability of water resources, and over six thousand deposits of various types of minerals provide the region with first place in terms of volume of shipped industrial products among the regions of the Siberian Federal District. At the same time, the annual growth rate of industrial production volumes is, on average, 2-7%, characterizing a fairly dynamic sustainable development.

The competitive advantages of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, according to the strategy for the socio-economic development of Siberia until 2020, are:

high level of industrial development;
high investment activity;
diversified system of higher education and research institutions;
rich natural resource potential;
favorable geographical and geopolitical position in the system of international relations;
developed fuel and energy complex;
high level of agricultural development;
developed transport and communication infrastructure in the central and southern regions of the region;
developed construction complex.

The leading industries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, mechanical engineering and metalworking, mining, forestry, woodworking, chemical, agriculture and food industry.

Main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk.

Metallurgy

The flagship of the non-ferrous metallurgy not only of the region, but also of Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. The region has developed the production of highly pure metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultra-pure aluminum. In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy accounts for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These same industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.

Mining industry

Raw materials for metallurgy are supplied by mining enterprises. The region is undergoing industrial development of deposits of gold, lead, zinc, magnesite and other minerals. Currently, almost 90% of the industry's output comes from the extraction of raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals. The second largest production volume is coal mining. Average annual coal production is over 50 million tons. The main fields are the Kansko-Achinsky basin, Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodinskoye fields.

Among the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of mineral production, the region ranks second.

Hopes for realizing the potential of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are also placed on the development of natural resources of the Russian Arctic.

The chemical complex of the region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries. Among the main products of chemical complex enterprises, oil refining products, synthetic rubber and products created on its basis stand out first. The region's enterprises produce 10% of Russia's high-quality artificial rubbers and 15% of automobile tires.

Forestry and wood processing industry

The forest area of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 164.0 million hectares, or more than 45% of the total forest area of Siberia. Forests cover more than 65% of the territory of the region and 85% consist of coniferous species. Among the main forest-forming species are Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, and birch. Every year, 55 million cubic meters of wood are harvested in the region. In terms of timber harvesting volumes, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks third in Russia, and in the production of lumber it occupies a leading place in the country.

Agriculture

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rightfully considered the largest agricultural region in Central and Eastern Siberia, fully meeting the population's needs for basic food products. The region's share in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36-43% of meat and eggs. Agricultural land in farms of all categories amounts to 3,850 thousand hectares, or 1.6% of all land in the region, arable land - 2,573 thousand hectares, or 1.1%. The region's agriculture is dominated by the production of grain, potatoes and vegetables; Animal husbandry for meat and dairy production, sheep breeding, poultry farming, beekeeping and fur farming are developed. (Honey from the Krasnoyarsk Territory is even supplied to Japan). For the eighth year in a row, grain yields are the highest among the regions of the Siberian Federal District (2011 – 23.7 c/ha). Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly in the southern regions. The Minusinsk Basin is rightfully considered the breadbasket of Eastern Siberia; the best vegetables and fruits in Siberia are grown here, in particular, Minusinsk tomatoes, unsurpassed in taste, and amateurs even cultivate grapes.

The food industry, mainly associated with the processing of local agricultural raw materials (dairies, condensed and powdered milk factories, meat processing plants, flour mills, flour and pasta factories, distilleries and breweries, etc.), is concentrated mainly in the cities of the southern part of the region

Fuel and energy complex

The main branch of the region's specialization is energy.

The presence of a rich raw material base (water resources, brown coal deposits) creates favorable conditions for generating electricity in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are 20 operating and 1 power plant under construction:

the total installed capacity of power plants in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 13,910 MW.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory produces about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country.

In terms of electricity production per person, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia. The two largest hydroelectric power stations in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) was created with the most powerful Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2 in the world. The existing open-pit mines in the basin (Borodinsky, Nazarovsky, Berezovsky) annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal stations in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.

The main volume of electricity consumption (more than 70 percent) in the region falls on the organizations of mining and manufacturing industries, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. This is explained by the fact that the main consumer of fuel and energy resources in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are organizations of the industrial complex that are focused on energy-intensive activities.

One of the priority areas for the development of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is energy efficiency - reducing the consumption of energy resources by enterprises and the population of the region. The target program “Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency in the Krasnoyarsk Territory” is already working in the region and is producing results.

Transport

Currently, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a major transport, distribution and transit hub of the Siberian Federal District. The transport complex of the region is represented by all types of transport - railway, pipeline, air, inland waterway and road. A special role for the region in the functioning of the transport system is given by its unique location at the intersection of railway, air and highway routes.

Railway transport. The dominant position in the transport system of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by railway transport. It accounts for 94% of the region's total cargo turnover. From west to east, the region is crossed by the Trans-Siberian and South Siberian Railways.

The operational length of the Krasnoyarsk railway is 3.2 thousand kilometers.

The length of public roads with hard surfaces is 47.3 thousand kilometers. Two federal highways pass through the territory of the region: Novosibirsk - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk - Kyzyl.

The enterprises carry out direct road transport of goods to China, Mongolia and Western Europe.

The length of the waterways connecting the northern and eastern parts of the region with the city of Krasnoyarsk is 7 thousand kilometers.

The river ports of the cities of Krasnoyarsk and Lesosibirsk on the Yenisei River provide interaction between river and railway transport. Estuary ports in the north of the region are accessible to sea vessels.

A multimodal transport hub is being formed on the basis of Krasnoyarsk Airport. The airspace of the region and the Krasnoyarsk airport are used for flights as part of cross-polar air routes through the North Pole.

Export and import

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is traditionally one of the largest export-oriented regions of the country. A significant part of the timber processing, non-ferrous metallurgy, and chemical industry products is exported from the country. The share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in Russia's foreign trade turnover is constantly increasing.

The volume of foreign trade turnover between the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Netherlands in 2012 amounted to almost $2.9 billion, China is in second place - just over $1 billion, and the United States is in third place - more than $500 million.

In the structure of exports, almost 71% is made up of metals and products made from them - about $4 billion.

The structure of the region's exports is determined largely by raw materials and processed products. The main exports include non-ferrous metals (aluminum, nickel, copper), timber and timber products. The main consumers of these products are Japan, Italy, Egypt, Türkiye. Ferrous metals, oil and petroleum products, coal, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, synthetic rubber, mechanical and electrical equipment are also exported.

The leading position in the foreign trade of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by several large industrial enterprises, such as the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, the Norilsk Combine, the Electrochemical Plant, the Norilsk Mining Company, JSC KraMZ, the Lesosibirsk LDK, the New Yenisei LDK.

The main share in the structure of imports is occupied by products of the petrochemical complex. This group of products is represented mainly by inorganic chemical products, namely aluminum oxide (alumina), plastics and products made from them. Mechanical engineering products are in second place. Engineering products are imported from the USA, Germany, Austria, and Sweden. Imports of fuel and energy complex products account for 4.2% of the total volume.

Trade relations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely determine the picture of foreign economic activity of the entire East Siberian region. In recent years, the region has constantly occupied a leading position in terms of the volume of export-import operations among the entities included in the East Siberian region, and provides more than 50% of the total volume of exports and 40% of imports.

Investment climate

The basis for the stable socio-economic position of the region and the potential for its further development is the implementation in the territory of large investment projects for the development of traditional and the creation of new high-tech industries. Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the leading Russian regions in terms of investment activity. In terms of the volume of attracted investments, the region is the leader in Siberia and is among the top ten in the Russian Federation.

The regional authorities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory actively support investment activities: regional laws and regulations have been adopted, the main task of which is to create a favorable investment environment. The region actively uses public-private partnership mechanisms. An Investment Council has been created under the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Chairman of the Investment Council is the Deputy Governor.

There are measures in place in the region aimed at creating a favorable investment climate:

state guarantees of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;
providing subsidies to reimburse part of the costs of paying interest rates on loans;
provision of budget investments;
tax benefits.

Eastern Siberia is preparing for large-scale construction projects. A number of projects presented in the spring at the Krasnoyarsk Economic Forum (KEF) will start in 2019. We are talking about private investments from companies that are already operating in the region. Ambitious plans of metallurgists, oil workers and energy workers will help restore it to the status of the main engine of the country's economy. Now, despite noticeable successes, the region’s potential is far from being fully realized.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory consistently ranks among the top ten regions of Russia in terms of gross regional product (1.767 trillion rubles and 615 thousand rubles per capita). The region firmly holds its position as a strong donor and ranks seventh in terms of filling the federal treasury. This region could be the envy of many of its neighbors. However, against the backdrop of growing revenues in the region, which have grown by 25% over the past couple of years, it is still under pressure from the budget deficit. As of early September 2018, the size of its public debt reached 106.5 billion rubles - the second largest in Russia. All this means that the region is faced with the need to optimize and rebuild its economy, as well as search for new internal resources. The local economy needed new ideas, and they were found.

There is money for large-scale transformations in the region. Expert magazine recently compiled a rating of the 100 largest companies in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the first three positions in which were occupied by Norilsk Nickel, Vankorneft and RusHydro. The total revenue of all rating participants in 2017 exceeded 2 trillion rubles. At the KEF 2018 held in April, they presented their investment projects worth 0.5 trillion rubles. The past six months have been a time of planning, calculations and approvals. Now, if you believe the reports of the leaders of the Eastern Siberian industry, their total investments over the next 10 years could reach 2 trillion rubles. Moreover, the largest of these investment projects already have real outlines.

"South Cluster"

As part of this project, Norilsk Nickel structures will begin to develop the northern part of the Norilsk-1 deposit, the reserves of which turned out to be twice as large as geological exploration data initially showed. In addition, the company will develop production at the Zapolyarny mine in order to increase it from 1.2 to 2 million tons. Resource extraction from the Medvezhiy Ruchey quarry will also develop. By the way, by the end of 2018, open pit work will be completed in the quarry. And within the framework of the Southern Cluster, the company plans to process 5.5 million tons of technogenic raw materials that have been accumulating in the area of the Norilsk enrichment plant since the 1940s.

In total, Norilsk Nickel plans to invest 70 billion rubles in the renovation and construction of mining enterprises. The company will allocate another 40 billion rubles to modernize the Norilsk enrichment plant, which will be fully loaded with raw materials from the Southern Cluster. Now a significant part of the raw materials from the Talnakh ore cluster goes to Norilsk. But after the modernization of the Talnakh concentrator, which has already begun, a separate cluster will appear there, providing both mining and processing of local ore.

On this topic

Investments in the amount of 110 billion rubles will allow updating the fixed assets of the Southern Cluster by 80–90%. All this will make it possible to increase the production of platinum group metals by 20% over 10 years, and then the Norilsk Nickel subsidiary Medvezhy Ruchey will enter the top 10 global producers of platinum group metals. The investment project involves the creation of 1,900 new jobs and an increase in tax payments to the budget of the Krasnoyarsk Territory to 30 billion rubles over 10 years.

"Transport hub"

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in the geographic center of Russia, which means it is almost equally remote from European and Asian markets. The development of the region is impossible without a global infrastructure project, within the framework of which roads and railways, new airport terminals and warehouse complexes will be built.

“Our region should not only become an economic leader, but also become a serious logistics center. It is through the Krasnoyarsk Territory that logistics routes for the western and eastern parts of the country will be connected, access through China and other Asian countries to the Northern Sea Route,” said Dmitry Sviridov, Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, recently.

The creation of a transport and logistics platform, the base for which will be the airports of Krasnoyarsk and Cheremshanka, will help solve this problem. The ERA Group company plans to build new terminals there with warehouse complexes and a sorting center. The total area of the facilities will exceed 800 thousand square meters. When the Krasnoyarsk hub is operational, it will be able to transport more than 800 thousand tons of cargo annually. Investments in cargo hub facilities could amount to 65 billion rubles; the logistics center will provide the region with 2 thousand new jobs.

Another expensive transport project is planned to be implemented by Tuva Energy Industrial Corporation JSC. We are talking about laying a railway along the route Elegest – Kyzyl – Kuragino. The length of the highway will be 410 kilometers, it will serve the new mining and processing complex at the Elegest coking coal deposit. The idea is not new; construction of a railway line in this area began back in 2011. However, the work never entered the active phase, and now the investor will have to make up for lost time. If the road is extended further, to Mongolia and China, it will, in fact, turn into a new transcontinental route for the supply of grain, natural resources, and will also contribute to the development of geological exploration and the development of new deposits.

Gold mining and agriculture

Another industrial giant, the Polyus company, plans to significantly increase gold production at its deposits. Currently, about 57 tons of gold are mined in the Krasnoyarsk Territory per year, while more than 500 tons of untapped reserves of the precious metal are registered in the Motyginsky and North Yenisei regions alone. The Polyus production expansion project involves the construction of a bridge across the Yenisei near the village of Vysokogorsky, which will give impetus to other types of economic activity in the area. As a result of all this, tax revenues to the regional budget may increase by 15 billion rubles over 10 years.

Another interesting project was proposed by energy engineers from the Unipro company. They are ready to invest in the creation of the Siberia agro-industrial park, which should be located in the Sharypovsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is expected that the complex will include a greenhouse facility with an area of 60 hectares and a capacity of 45 thousand tons of vegetables per year. The project will include the construction of a new poultry farm, a fishery and a bioplastics production facility. The region will receive 5 thousand new jobs and a stable supply of fresh food.

In essence, investors will have to launch a new wave of development of Eastern Siberia, which will significantly increase its geopolitical role. As Elena Bezdenezhnykh, vice-president of Norilsk Nickel, noted at KEF-2018, investors are not only realizing the potential of this resource-rich region, but also fulfilling the orders voiced in the president’s message - the development of the Arctic, the development of human capital, import substitution and improvement of the environmental situation. I would like to hope that at the next economic forum in Krasnoyarsk the first results of the implementation of previously announced investment projects will be announced.

The economic situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first years of democratic reforms was identical to the all-Russian one. In 1994, an attempt was made to arrest the decline in industry. In parallel with the ongoing crisis in the country, the region began to gradually increase production volumes.

The economic situation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the first years of democratic reforms was identical to the all-Russian one. In 1994, an attempt was made to arrest the decline in industry. In parallel with the ongoing crisis in the country, the region began to gradually increase production volumes.

From 1994 to 1998 The economic indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were much better than the Russian average:

In terms of per capita level of industrial production, the region was in 7th place, contract work - in 8th place, trade turnover - in 17th place in the Russian Federation;

The purchasing power of the population is in 12th place in the Russian Federation and above all other regions of the East Siberian economic region;

The banking system in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the most developed in the East Siberian economic region;

There was an increase in the absolute volume of budget revenues and expenses of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

In terms of investment volume, the region is among the top ten, and in terms of growth rates - in the top twenty best regions of Russia.

The advantages of the region's economy are associated with the use of cheap local electricity and raw materials, the fairly modern technological level of the region's mining enterprises, and a clear export component. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is constantly among the 10 regions of Russia with the highest production volume. The region's share in Russian industry is 4%, the East Siberian economic region - 40%.

In terms of industrial output per capita, the region ranks second among the regions of the Siberian Agreement, second only to the Tyumen region.

Structure and dynamics of gross regional product in 1997 - 1998. has developed as follows: in the structure of the gross regional product of the region, about 53% is industry and about 7% is agriculture. Overall, the region's industry is striving to become more diversified. The leading industries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, mechanical engineering and metalworking, mining, forestry, woodworking, pulp and paper, chemical, light and food.

In the cities of Zheleznogorsk and Zelenogorsk there are 11 enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC). The share of military products in 1998 was an insignificant part of the region's volumes, the share of civilian products at these enterprises is 0.1% of the total production volume.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which together provide more than 70% of its trade with foreign counterparties.

State regulation of the region's economy is carried out both at the federal and regional levels, including through the system of licensing certain types of economic activities, setting prices and tariffs for certain types of goods, works and services, through antimonopoly regulation, etc.

EXPORT AND IMPORT

As you know, economic stability largely depends on foreign trade. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is traditionally one of the largest export-oriented regions of the country. A significant part of the timber processing, non-ferrous metallurgy, and chemical industry products is exported from the country. The share of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in Russia's foreign trade turnover is constantly increasing.

Geographically, foreign trade turnover is focused on the countries of Western and Central Europe, Southeast and East Asia, and the countries of America. The largest country to which the Krasnoyarsk Territory exports its products is the Netherlands. Switzerland is in second place, and the USA is in third place. In terms of groups of countries, the leaders are the EU countries, Eastern European countries, and APEC countries.

The structure of the region's exports is determined largely by raw materials and processed products. The basis of exports, as before, includes non-ferrous metals (aluminum - 36.7%, nickel - 19.2%, copper - 18.7%), timber and timber (4.6%). These are mainly sawn timber and unprocessed timber. The main consumers of these products are Japan, Italy, Egypt, Türkiye. Ferrous metals, oil and petroleum products, coal, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, synthetic rubber, mechanical and electrical equipment, and aircraft are also exported.

The leading position in the foreign trade of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is occupied by several large industrial enterprises, such as JSC Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant (37.3%), JSC Norilsk Combine (36.5%), PA Electrochemical Plant (13.6% ), OJSC "Norilsk Mining Company" (2.6%), CJSC "Lesosibirsk LDK No. 1" (1.7%), CJSC "Novoeniseisky LDK" (1.4%), CJSC "Trading Company JSC KraMZ" (1 ,1%). Also active participants in export operations are the Yenisei chemical plant, Krasnoyarsk Coal Company JSC, and Krasnoyarsk Pulp and Paper Mill JSC. These enterprises have stable connections with foreign partners and extensive experience in carrying out foreign economic transactions.

In 1999, imported goods worth more than $600.0 million were supplied to the region. Despite the fact that the dynamics of the value of imports is constantly changing, in general this does not affect the economy of the region.

The main counterparty countries of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in import operations today are Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Germany, Ireland, China, USA, France, India, Jamaica and Guinea.

The largest importing enterprises in the region are OJSC Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant (44.6%), JSC Norilsk Combine (11.2%), PA Electrochemical Plant (9.0%), OJSC Cement (6 ,2%), LLC "Coca-Cola Krasnoyarsk Bottlers", Railway, NPO "Applied Mechanics", OJSC "Kansk Tobacco Factory", Chemical Plant FIG "Krasmashzavod".

In conclusion, it should be noted that trade relations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory largely determine the picture of foreign economic activity of the entire East Siberian region. In recent years (1999-2000), the region has constantly occupied a leading position in terms of volumes of export-import operations among the entities included in the East Siberian region and provides more than 50% of the total export volume and 40% of imports.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The transport network of the region consists of 1789.2 km of railway tracks. The operational length of railway access roads of enterprises is 62% of the length of the tracks of the Altai branch of the road. Almost all access roads are broad gauge, providing access to the public network. The branded train "Altai" runs on the route Barnaul - Moscow.

The length of the network of navigable river routes is more than a thousand kilometers across very picturesque terrain. A quarter of the territory of the region with a population of about a million people is located in the water transport service zone; there are 2 river ports at their service.

There are 5 airports in the region. Existing airlines allow all types of air transportation of passengers and cargo, including international commercial ones. There are paved runways in 25 districts of the region. Communication between the regional center and the capital of Russia is provided by two flights per day on TU-154 aircraft. The international flight "Barnaul - Düsseldorf - Barnaul" has been opened. The construction of the international sector at Barnaul airport is nearing completion.

The network of public roads in the region is 15,442 kilometers, including 13,597 kilometers with hard surfaces.

The Barnaul Post Office cooperates with the express mail enterprises "EMS Garantpost", which is part of the EMS global network. The EMS Garantpost enterprise offers services for sending abroad and delivery from abroad according to catalogs of international express mail, correspondence, documents, parcels, parcels.

"EMS Garantpost" provides express mail transportation to almost all countries of the world. Delivery of express shipments from Barnaul to Moscow is carried out by express plane within 24 hours; from Moscow, EMS Garantpost will deliver to the capitals of European countries in no more than 48 hours, to the capitals of North America and Japan - no more than 72 hours, as well as provides delivery of express mail to more than 100 cities of the Commonwealth and large industrial centers of Russia.

INVESTMENTS

The attractiveness of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for foreign investment can be increased by attracting state (regional and federal) funds allocated for further geological study of oil and gas promising areas to increase hydrocarbon reserves and resources, as well as for the construction of at least some infrastructure elements: roads, power lines, pipelines, housing.

And if no major changes have yet been observed in the development of infrastructure, several tens of billions of rubles were spent on the geological study of oil and gas promising areas in the Krasnoyarsk Territory through budget funding in 1996-1997. To a large extent, the current state of affairs can be explained by the fact that in recent years a fairly clear mechanism for financing geological exploration work has been created through contributions for the reproduction of the mineral resource base (RMB), and capital investments in the construction of infrastructure facilities are an integral part of consolidated budgets and conditions of the difficult financial situation of the budgetary sector are allocated on the basis of the residual principle.

It is obvious that the greater the volume of foreign investment the Krasnoyarsk Territory can attract, the faster the development of its oil wealth will begin. Of course, it is possible, in principle, to do without foreign investment, but in this case, the development of the region as an oil and gas producing region will occur at a slow pace. An alternative to “dollar” injections could be government investments, but the federal government, apparently, will not be able to allocate the necessary funds to the Krasnoyarsk Territory, since the region itself is a donor to the federal budget, and the Center already has enough problems with subsidies to the territories. The region’s own funds are not enough for the broad development of the oil program.

The predominant forms of attracting foreign investment to the Krasnoyarsk Territory are foreign loans, as well as the creation of enterprises with foreign participation.

The existing experience of interaction between enterprises and commercial structures of the Krasnoyarsk Territory with foreign companies, financial and investment funds and banks so far indicates a rather narrowly focused interest in cooperation on the part of foreign partners.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the industrial potential of the region, the presence of large mineral, forest and energy resources, developed non-ferrous metallurgy, high technologies at defense enterprises, the main areas of investment in the region are:

Deep processing of mineral raw materials;

Organization of production based on high technologies of the industrial and conversion complex;

Processing of agricultural products, forests and wood;

Transport and communications.

Foreign portfolio investments are directed primarily into securities of enterprises in the mining, metallurgy and energy industries.

In total, about 200 enterprises have been created in the region with the participation of foreign capital, mainly American, European and Chinese (USA - 10%; Western European countries - 21%; China - 9%).

The total volume of foreign investment in the region over the past two to three years amounts to $500 million. As a rule, the recipients of investments are large industrial enterprises producing products that are in demand. Investments are directed to modernization of production, so there are not many who received investments.

A number of large enterprises in the region that produce raw materials that are in high demand on the world market independently resolve issues of raising funds. Enterprises such as Norilsk Nickel and the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant receive loans of up to $200 million without government guarantees - for metal supplies, or through pledging export contracts in one of the Western banks.

As for the purchase of equipment using their own funds, regional enterprises purchased equipment and technological lines worth $80 million in 1995 from purely Russian sources of financing.

At the end of September 1998, financial investments had accumulated in the amount of 6,187 million rubles, of which long-term investments accounted for 5,861.3 million rubles (94.7%), and short-term investments accounted for 325.7 million rubles (5.3%).

The main source of financing for large and medium-sized enterprises is their own funds; for financial investments their share is 89.5%, for investments in fixed capital - 72.9%. More than a quarter of all investments come from raised funds (27.1%).

Structure of raised funds by large and medium-sized enterprises for 9 months of 1998 (in percent).

In relation to investors, the region is one of the regions that can easily be classified as undervalued by investors. According to objective conditions, indicators of the investment climate, the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies a much higher place than in terms of real domestic investment. According to the rating of the Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Russia, compiled in 1997, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks 4th among Russian regions in terms of the attractiveness of the business climate, second only to Moscow, the Tyumen region and the Samara region.

Among the indicators characterizing the capacity of the regional market, as factors significantly influencing the formation of the investment climate, it should be noted that one of the highest levels of purchasing power of the population of the region in the Russian Federation.

INDUSTRY

The region has a developed industry and actively participates in the Russian and international markets. In the system of international division of labor, the region acts as a powerful fuel and energy complex with energy-intensive production of non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry and mechanical engineering, mining of valuable mineral raw materials, and timber industries. The region's share in the industry of the East Siberian region is more than 40%, in the industry of Russia - 3%. In terms of export potential, the region is one of the five leading regions of Russia and occupies a leading position in Siberia.

Main industries: non-ferrous metallurgy (in Norilsk - a mining and metallurgical plant producing copper, nickel, cobalt; Krasnoyarsk, Sayan aluminum smelters, Sorsk molybdenum plant); mechanical engineering and metalworking (production of equipment for the forestry and pulp and paper industries, combine harvesters, heavy overhead cranes, ships, household refrigerators, televisions, excavators, containers, electrical products, trailers, tools); mining (mining coal, iron ore, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, gold, graphite, Iceland spar); chemical (production of chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, tires, medicines, rubber products); forestry and woodworking, light (textile, leather and footwear) and food. The Krasnoyarsk, Ust-Khantaysk, Sayano-Shushenskaya, Mainskaya hydroelectric power stations, and Nazarovskaya state district power station operate on the territory of the region.

Main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Abakan, Chernogorsk, Achinsk, Minusinsk.

Leading industrial enterprises. There are 77 machine-building enterprises in the region, including unique ones. The Krasnoyarsk plant "Sibtyazhmash" is the only Russian manufacturer of heavy overhead electric cranes with a lifting capacity of over 200 tons. The Kraslesmash plant in Krasnoyarsk produces half of the country's jaw-mounted timber loaders and timber handling machines. The Krasnoyarsk Combine Harvester Association produces 15.5% of Russian grain harvesters. Krasnoyarsk is home to Russia's largest plant for the production of household refrigerators, Biryusa, which are exported to 40 countries around the world. The Research and Production Association of Applied Mechanics is the main developer and manufacturer of Russian space communication systems. The region also produces river boats, car trailers and refrigerators, televisions and radio-electronic equipment. In addition, in Krasnoyarsk there are the following enterprises: state enterprise Krasmashzavod, Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, Krasnoyarsk Production Association "Combineprom". In Norilsk - Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Plant named after. A.P. Zavenyagina; in Achinsk - PA "Achinsk Alumina Refinery"; in the village of N.-Poima - establishment of post office box U-235.

Fuel and energy complex. The main branch of the region's specialization is energy. In recent years, the region's contribution to the overall Russian volume of electricity production has constantly increased. The Krasnoyarsk Territory produces about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country. On the territory of the region there are large energy facilities - Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station, Krasnoyarsk State District Power Plant - 2, Nazarovskaya State District Power Plant, the Boguchanskaya Hydroelectric Power Station under construction and Berezovskaya State District Power Plant-1.

The region ranks second in Russia in terms of electricity production per person. Due to the high energy potential of rivers, a high specific gravity is observed. It is no coincidence that the two largest hydroelectric power stations in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: the Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power stations. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) is being created with the most powerful Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2 in the world. The existing open-pit mines in the basin annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal stations in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.

In 1999, the region generated more than 50.0 billion kWh of electricity. In 2000, according to economic forecasts, this figure will be much higher. The share of hydroelectric power stations in the total production volume is also relatively high, which determines the establishment of relatively low tariffs for electricity and heat, compared to other regions of Russia.

The energy system of the Norilsk industrial region operates independently from the Krasnoyarsk energy system, using natural gas as a raw material: about 5.6 million m2 per year. Centralized power supply in the region covers 99% of consumers.

Metallurgy. Traditionally, the basic industry in the region is metallurgy, which combines non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. In total, the region produces more than 30 heavy, light, alloying and rare earth metals and elements, the most important of which are considered to be: aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum and gold. Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy accounts for about 45% of the region's industrial output. On the territory of the region there are large metallurgical enterprises: Krasnoyarsk plants - aluminum, metallurgical and non-ferrous metals, the Achinsk Alumina Refinery, the Gorevsky Polymetallic Mining and Processing Plant. The flagship of the non-ferrous metallurgy not only of the region, but also of Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. With the beginning of conversion, the production of highly pure metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultra-pure aluminum, began to develop in the region.

In contrast to non-ferrous metallurgy, the output of basic ferrous metallurgy products has decreased slightly in recent years compared to previous years.

In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy accounts for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These same industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.

The chemical complex of the region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries. Among the main products of chemical complex enterprises, oil refining products, synthetic rubber and products created on its basis stand out first of all; only about 300 types of products. The region's enterprises produce 10% of Russia's high-quality artificial rubbers, 15% of car tires, 12% of artificial fibers, and a significant share of domestic antibiotics and blood substitutes.

The share of the chemical and petrochemical industry in the volume of industrial production of the region in recent years has been consistently maintained at the level of 6 - 7%. In 1999, the volume of output of goods and services in these industries increased by 15.4% compared to the 1998 level. The largest enterprises include Krasnoyarsk factories - tire, chemical fiber, synthetic rubber, rubber products, medical supplies, as well as the Kansk Biochemical Plant, the Sibvolokno plant.

Mining industry. Raw materials for metallurgy are supplied by mining enterprises. The region is undergoing industrial development of deposits of gold, lead, zinc, magnesite and other minerals.

Currently, almost 90% of the industry's output comes from the extraction of raw materials for the production of non-ferrous metals. The second largest production volume is coal mining. Average annual coal production is over 50 million tons. The main fields are the Kansko-Achinsky basin, Nazarovskoye, Berezovskoye, Irsha-Borodinskoye fields.

The volume of industrial production in 1996 was 98% of 1995; in 1995 - 106% of the 1994 level.

Production of main types of industrial products:

electricity - 49.0 billion kWh (108% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 105% from level

coal - 38.5 million tons (120% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 87% of the 1994 level);

commercial timber - 5.4 million pl. m3 (85% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 99.5% of the 1994 level);

lumber - 1.6 million m3 (82% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 100.3% from level

hard fibreboards - 37.5 million conventional m2 (100.1% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 134% of the 1994 level);

cardboard - 58.4 thousand tons (73% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 161% of the 1994 level);

cement - 1353 thousand tons (80% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 103% of the 1994 level);

chemical fibers and threads - 23.4 thousand tons (79% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 125% of the 1994 level);

tires - 688 thousand units (181% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 28% of the 1994 level);

refrigerators and freezers - 60.9 thousand units (10% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 76% of the 1994 level);

televisions - 13.9 thousand units (88% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 27% of the 1994 level);

meat, including category 1 by-products - 35.7 thousand tons (84% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 76% of the 1994 level);

whole milk products in terms of milk - 47.5 thousand tons (81% from level

1995; in 1995 - 66% of the 1994 level);

confectionery products - 264 thousand tons (90% of the 1995 level; in 1995 - 99.6% of the 1994 level).

An important place in the industrial structure is occupied by the fuel and energy and forestry complexes, non-ferrous metallurgy and the chemical industry. Mechanical engineering and light industry are also of interregional importance.

Sectoral structure of industry (1997):

Electric power industry (13.1%);

Fuel (8.6%);

Ferrous metallurgy (1.0%);

Non-ferrous metallurgy (43.7%);

Chemical and petrochemical (8.6%);

Mechanical engineering and metalworking (5.9%);

Forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper (5.6%);

Construction materials (3.3%);

Light (0.8%);

Food (7.4%).

Forestry and woodworking industry. The combination of branches of the timber industry - logging, wood processing and pulp and paper - is of national and international importance. The country's timber industry and timber export base is developing in the region. Forests occupy 168.2 million hectares, which is 45% of the territory of the region. Among the main forest-forming species, the most represented are Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, and birch. Forests are of operational importance; only high-quality coniferous wood is harvested. Every year, 55 million cubic meters of wood are harvested in the region. In terms of timber harvesting volumes, the region ranks third in Russia, and in the production of lumber it occupies a leading place in the country. Transportation of wood is carried out by water along large rivers of the region and by rail.

Agriculture. The region is rightfully considered the largest agricultural region in Central and Eastern Siberia, fully meeting the population's needs for basic food products. The region's share in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36 - 43% of meat and eggs. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly only in the southern regions. The leading branches of agriculture are crop production, meat and dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming. In the south, fine-fleece sheep breeding is developed; in the middle zone, cows, pigs, and sheep are raised; in the north, reindeer husbandry and fur farming and fur farming predominate. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is an important fur-growing region of the country. On average, up to 15 thousand white arctic foxes, more than 50 thousand commercial sables, and 400 thousand squirrels are caught on its territory.

Krasnoyarsk administration portal

_INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "SYMBOL OF SCIENCE" No. 01-1/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х_

Yu.V.Lubyagina

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION

annotation

This article discusses issues of economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, major investment projects and the main economic indicators of the region.

Keywords

Economic development, economic indicators, investment projects,

investment potential.

Krasnoyarsk Territory is the largest subject of the Russian Federation within the Siberian Federal District (SFO). It is one of the leaders among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the most important macroeconomic indicators - population, gross regional product (GRP), industrial production, volume of construction work, investment in fixed capital and their contribution to the overall development indicators of the country.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is rich in natural resources; large reserves of gold are concentrated in it; main reserves of platinum and platinum group metals; copper-nickel, lead-zinc, manganese, chromium ores; large deposits of coal, aluminum, iron, oil and gas.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the leading industries are: non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy; mining, petrochemical industry, mechanical engineering, hydropower and electric power, wood processing and forestry industries.

Since 2000, the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been characterized by sustainable economic growth and the beginning of the implementation of large-scale investment projects at the federal level.

The project “Comprehensive Development of the Lower Angara Region” is at its final stage. of national importance. This territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory unites five districts located in the lower reaches of the Angara River and the middle section of the Yenisei north and northeast of Krasnoyarsk. The Lower Angara region has rich forest, oil and gas, hydropower resources and huge reserves of solid minerals. The implementation of the project in the field of infrastructure and electricity development will strengthen the industrial potential of the territories and give impetus to the development of energy-intensive industries, first of all, the construction of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station, an aluminum smelter, and a pulp and paper mill.

Rosneft has implemented one of the largest investment projects - the development of the promising Vankor oil and gas field, which made it possible to create a new large sector of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

One of the largest scientific and educational institutions was created - the Siberian Federal University, consisting of 20 institutes. Siberian Federal University trains qualitatively new specialists capable of creative activity and transfer of new technologies.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the leaders among regions in terms of investment activity. In the ranking of the investment potential of regions compiled by the Expert RA rating agency, the Krasnoyarsk Territory has consistently ranked 7th since 2012-15. .

In 2015, the volume of investments in fixed assets amounted to 394.4 billion rubles. (28.5% of total investment). The volume of capital investments in the Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies a leading position in the Siberian Federal District and forms a quarter of all investments in the region.

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL “SYMBOL OF SCIENCE” No. 01-1/2017 ISSN 2410-700Х

Unemployment in 2015 was 6.2%, this is one of the lowest rates among the regions of the Siberian Federal District (the average in the district is 7.7%), despite the fact that compared to 2014, unemployment in the Krasnoyarsk Territory increased by 1.2 %.

With a constant increase in the gross regional product, average per capita income in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is inferior to the national average. At the end of 2015, average income per capita amounted to 27,000.8 rubles (8.8% more than in 2014). However, real incomes of the population decreased by 3.4 percent, as a result of the increase in the consumer price index to 110.6% in 2015.

As of January 1, 2016, the average monthly pension in the Krasnoyarsk Territory was 12,994.2 rubles, which is 11% more than on January 1, 2015. The real size of assigned pensions increased by 3.3%.

Despite the positive growth in social indicators of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, their growth does not correspond to the existing level of economic development of the region. It is necessary to pay more attention to the social policy of the region, because the level and quality of life of the population is one of the most important indicators of the socio-economic development of the region. List of used literature:

1. Official portal of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: official website [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://krskstate.ru/

3. Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tyva: official website [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.krasstat.gks.ru/

UDC 338.124.4

Yu.V.Lubyagina

Student of specialty 38.03.01.06.09 “Economics of Enterprises and Organizations (Mining Industry)” Institute of Business Process Management and Economics of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian Federal University” Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation

ECONOMIC CRISES OF XX-XXI CENTURIES.

annotation

This article examines the features of the economic crises of the 20th-21st centuries, examines the general features of structural crises, and characterizes the crises of 2008. and 2014

Keywords Economy, economic crisis, structural crisis.

Economic crises of the XX-XXI centuries. structurally different from all previous crises, they are not described by several parameters, but are multifaceted, covering different spheres of socio-economic life, and have serious socio-political consequences.

The basis of modern crises is a structural crisis. Such a crisis is unique; the experience gained in overcoming each of them cannot practically be used in new conditions. The following common features of structural crises are distinguished:

1) The role of state regulation during a structural crisis is increasing; deep

Federal Agency for Education
Kemerovo College of Statistics, Economics and Information Technologies, branch of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI)"

Essay

in the subject "Regional Economics"
topic: “Economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory”

Completed by: students of group 2B-1
Checked by: teacher

Kemerovo 2011

Content

Introduction 3
Natural resources 4
Land resources 4
Mineral resources 4
Forest resources 5
Water resources 5
Biological resources 6
Mining 6
Economy of the region 7
Industry 9
Metallurgy 9
11
Chemical production 11
Coal industry 12
12
12
Timber industry complex 13
Construction activities 14
Agriculture 14
Transport 16
Railway transport 16
Automobile transport 17
Water transport 17
Air Transport 17
Pipeline transport 17
Foreign economic activity. 19
Export and import 19
Investment policy 21
Conclusion 23
Bibliography 24

Introduction

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is one of the largest industrial and resource regions of the country, possessing huge reserves of natural resources. Russian colonization reached the Yenisei at the beginning of the 17th century, and the administrative center of the region, the city of Krasnoyarsk, was founded in 1628, but in fact the development of the region began only at the very end of the 19th century, when the Trans-Siberian Railway passed through its territory. The modern Krasnoyarsk Territory was formed in 1934; before the revolution, the Yenisei province existed on its territory, the territory of which throughout the 19th century. served as a place of exile. It was here that the future leaders of the Soviet state, Lenin and Stalin, were exiled.
In terms of area together with districts (2339.7 thousand sq. km), the Krasnoyarsk Territory is second only to Yakutia, and without districts (710 thousand sq. km) it ranks 7th, in terms of population (without districts - 3038.2 thousand people) - 13th place. The majority of the region's population is Russian, there are quite large communities of Ukrainians, Tatars and Germans, but the share of indigenous peoples of the North is very small - less than one percent of the population. The predominant religion of the region is Orthodoxy, the Krasnoyarsk and Yenisei diocese is one of the oldest in Siberia, but the position of Protestant churches in the region is also quite strong.

I chose the Krasnoyarsk Territory as the topic of this essay because it is the most promising region of Russia. It contains huge reserves of coal, land, water, forest and other resources. Natural and climatic conditions satisfy the needs of life, which contributes to the development of large companies and industries. And the wealth of territories and resources attracts investors not only from Russia, but also from international levels.

Natural resources

Resource and raw materials potential represents the provision of balance reserves of the main types of natural resources. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is the largest resource base in Russia, primarily mineral resources, represented by reserves and predicted resources of the main types of minerals.
The main natural resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are land, minerals, forests, water and recreational (biological).

Land resources

The land fund of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is 72,367.1 thousand hectares.

Mineral resources

The Krasnoyarsk Territory is Russia's largest resource base for the production and reserves of gold, coal, lead, aluminum, copper, nickel, cobalt, platinum group metals, and other minerals, and occupies a leading position in Russia and in the world.
More than 95% of Russia's nickel and platinum group metal reserves, 71% of copper, 50% of cobalt, and 28% of aluminum are concentrated in the region.
All-Russian lead reserves account for 42%, gold - 20%, silver - 6%, about 70% of Russian coal reserves are concentrated, i.e. approximately 20% of world reserves.
In terms of proven gold reserves, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia. The main volume of gold mining in the region (87%) is provided by three companies: CJSC ZDK Polyus, LLC Sovrudnik, CJSC Vasilyevsky Mine.
Lead and zinc reserves in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are concentrated in the unique Gorevsky lead-zinc deposit. It contains 42.7% of lead reserves and 2.5% of all-Russian zinc reserves.
The Norilsk ore district is unique in terms of copper-nickel and platinum group metals mineralization. On its raw material base, a mining and metallurgical complex was created - CJSC Mining and Metallurgical Company Norilsk Nickel - the world's largest producer of nickel and platinum group metals. This enterprise fully meets Russia's needs for copper, nickel, cobalt and platinum group metals and is the largest supplier of non-ferrous and precious metals to the world market.
In terms of initial total resources of oil, natural gas and condensate in the amount of more than 53 billion tons of conventional hydrocarbons, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia after the Tyumen Region. 25 oil and gas fields have been discovered in the region.
A number of oil and gas fields in the Turukhansky North and in the Angara region have already been prepared for industrial development. From the standpoint of investment attractiveness, the main projects in the oil and gas sector are related to the industrial development of the Turukhano-Vankor group of gas and oil fields, the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskaya zone and the gas fields of the Lower Angara region.
The Porozhinskoe manganese ore deposit is one of the largest in Russia. The state balance of mineral reserves for the deposit takes into account 29.4 million tons of manganese in oxide ores in categories C1+C2.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory has a competitive raw material base of rare metals and niobium - these are the Chuktukonskoye and Tatarskoye deposits.
The Krasnoyarsk region is also very attractive in relation to such types of minerals as aluminum raw materials (Goryachegorsk nepheline syenite deposit, ore reserves - 738 million tons), antimony (Udereiskoye deposit, metal reserves - 37.8 thousand tons), nickel and platinoids (Kingashskoye deposit, balance ore reserves 219.4 million tons, forecast resources - 219.1 million tons), talc (Kirgiteyskoye deposit, balance reserves - 7.6 million tons), magnesite (Verkhoturovskoye deposit, balance reserves - 110.7 million tons), phosphorite (Seibinskoye deposit, ore reserves - 6.6 million tons), zeolite (Sakhaptinskoye deposit, reserves of zeolite-containing rocks - 33.2 million tons) and others.

Forest resources

The forest area of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is (including the Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets) and Evenki municipal districts) - 155,781.2 thousand hectares (45.1% of the total forest area of the Siberian Federal District). The total timber reserves of the main forest-forming species are 11,120.22 million m 3 (36.4% of reserves in the Siberian Federal District, 13.6% of all-Russian timber reserves).
Forests cover 65.9% of the region's territory. The region's forests are 85.7% coniferous, 34.5% larch, 18.2% pine, 16.9% cedar, 10.7% birch, 8.8% fir, 7. 3% - spruce, 3.6% refers to other tree species.

Water resources

The river flows through the territory of the region from south to north. Yenisei. The total number of lakes with a surface area of 1 sq. km or more - 352, in the southern part of the region there is a complex of lakes containing mineral waters and medicinal mud. The approved operational reserves of surface water as of 2007 amount to 1,771.88 thousand cubic meters per day in the region.
The annual water intake throughout the region is 2,731.5 million cubic meters, wastewater discharge is 2,424.2 million cubic meters. The approved operational reserves of groundwater in the region are 1,664.1 thousand cubic meters. per day, 0.61 km cubic. - in year.

Biological resources

The biological resources of the region in terms of the number of species significantly exceed the resources of any territory in Russia. Many species are available hunting resources: brown bear, reindeer, roe deer, red deer, elk, wolf, hares, duck, goose, wood grouse, black grouse, waders, thrushes and others.

Mining

The presence of a rich raw material base creates favorable conditions for the development of mining industries. Among the regions of the Siberian Federal District in terms of mineral production, the region ranks third after the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions.
In 2007, 318 organizations were engaged in mining in the region. Mining was carried out by 5 organizations with the participation of foreign capital.
In 2007, the production of oil (4.4%), gas (17.9%), iron ore (2.9%), non-metallic construction materials (10.3%), and graphite (10.2%) increased.

Economy of the region

The economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is focused both on capital-intensive, energy-intensive production, based on the use of a rich resource base, and on the production of intermediate products intended for supply to other regions of Russia and to countries near and far abroad.
The economic development trend of the Krasnoyarsk Territory reflects:

specialization in export-oriented types of economic activity;

some increase in the share of mining and manufacturing industries in the region due to the implementation of large investment projects to develop the extraction of fuel and energy resources,

transport infrastructure of the region, implementation of a comprehensive development program for the Lower Angara region, including the construction of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station;

stabilization of mining production volumes;

increasing the degree of concentration of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy production;

strengthening positions in the market of cultural services, sporting events and tourism business.

Among the competitive advantages of the region, the following stand out:

opportunities for broad cooperation with neighboring regions, countries near and far abroad,

wide opportunities for production diversification,

opportunities for vertical integration of production based on the development of local raw materials and the organization of advanced processing industries,

the presence of innovative potential for the creation of new, knowledge-intensive high-tech industries,

maintaining long-term demand on world commodity markets for the products of the region's leading enterprises.

There are 6 monopoly enterprises located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory:
Polar Branch of OJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel;
OJSC RUSAL - Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant;
OJSC Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant named after. V. N. Gulidova";
CJSC Gold Mining Company Polyus;
OJSC RUSAL - Achinsk;
OJSC "Yenisei Territorial Generating Company (TGK-13)".

Industry

The Krasnoyarsk Territory has a developed industry and actively participates in the Russian and international markets. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has a powerful fuel and energy complex with energy-intensive non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and mechanical engineering industries, mining of valuable mineral raw materials, and timber industries. The region's share in the industry of the East Siberian region is more than 40%, in the industry of Russia - 3%. In terms of export potential, the region is one of the five leading regions of Russia and occupies a leading position in Siberia.
Main industries:

non-ferrous metallurgy (Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, producing copper, nickel, cobalt; Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, Sorsk Molybdenum Combine);

mechanical engineering and metalworking (production of equipment for the forestry and pulp and paper industries, combine harvesters, heavy overhead cranes, ships, household refrigerators, excavators, containers, electrical products);

mining (mining coal, iron ore, non-ferrous and rare metal ores, gold, graphite, Iceland spar);

chemical (production of chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, tires, medicines, rubber products);

forestry and woodworking,

light (textile, leather and footwear) and food.

Main industrial centers: Krasnoyarsk, Norilsk, Achinsk, Nazarovo, Sharypovo, Kansk, Zheleznogorsk, Minusinsk.

Metallurgy

Traditionally, the basic industry in the region is metallurgy, which combines non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy. In total, the region produces more than 30 heavy, light, alloying and rare earth metals and elements, the most important of which are aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, platinum and gold. Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy accounts for about 45% of the region's industrial output and 75% of the total volume of shipped regional products. On the territory of the region there are large metallurgical enterprises: Krasnoyarsk plants - aluminum, metallurgical and non-ferrous metals, the Achinsk Alumina Refinery, the Gorevsky Polymetallic Mining and Processing Plant.
The flagship of the non-ferrous metallurgy not only of the region, but also of Russia is the world's northernmost Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine, which produces 1/6 of the region's industrial output. With the beginning of conversion, the production of highly pure metals for the radio-electronic industry, such as tellurium, germanium, silicon, and ultra-pure aluminum, began to develop in the region. In general, non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy accounts for more than 50% of the region's industrial output. These same industries play a leading role in the foreign economic activity of the region.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 4 enterprises represent metallurgical production: the Polar Branch of OJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, OJSC RUSAL - Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant, OJSC Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant named after. V. N. Gulidova", OJSC "RUSAL - Achinsk".

Manufacturing of machinery and equipment

Among the products produced: electric overhead cranes, grain harvesters, household refrigerators and freezers.
The largest enterprises:

OJSC PA Krasnoyarsk Combine Harvester Plant (supplier of grain harvesters),

OJSC "Sibtyazhmash" (overhead cranes, conveyor complexes, ore loaders),

FSUE "Krasmash" (implementation of defense orders, production of equipment for oil refining, fuel and energy complex, food industry),

OJSC Kraslesmash (products for logging and woodworking),

OJSC Krasnoyarsk Refrigerator Plant Biryusa.

Chemical production

The total volume of all manufacturing production is 1.45%.
The chemical complex of the region is represented by enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological and medical industries.
Main types of products:

sulfuric acid monohydrate,

soda ash,

mineral fertilizers,

synthetic resins and plastics,

synthetic rubbers.

The region's enterprises produce 10% of Russia's high-quality artificial rubbers, 15% of car tires, and a significant share of domestic antibiotics and blood substitutes.
Main enterprises:

JSC "Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant"

Polar branch of OJSC Mining and Metallurgical Company Norilsk Nickel (production of caustic soda, sulfuric acid in monohydrate),

LLC "Reshetinsky KZ" (production of synthetic resins and plastics),

OJSC Kraspharma,

OJSC RUSAL - Achinsk (mineral fertilizers),

CJSC "Kansky BIOETHANOL"

The share of the chemical and petrochemical industry in the volume of industrial production of the region in recent years has been consistently maintained at the level of 6-7%. The largest enterprises include the Krasnoyarsk Tire Plant, the Krasnoyarsk Plant of Synthetic Rubber, Technical Rubber Products, Medical Preparations, and the Kansk Biochemical Plant.

Coal industry

About 70% of Russian coal reserves are concentrated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, i.e. approximately 20% of the world's reserves. The region contains two of the world's largest coal basins: the Tunguska coal basin and the Kansko-Achinsk brown coal basin. The region produces about 13% of coal in the country and 10% in the CIS, which amounts to more than 35 million tons per year. The largest is the Kansk-Achinsk basin, whose proven reserves amount to more than 65 billion tons.
The region's coal deposits are available for open-pit mining - this is a significant advantage of the Krasnoyarsk coal industry over coal miners in neighboring regions who are forced to mine using the open-pit method. As a result, thermal power plants in the Krasnoyarsk Territory operate predominantly on coal.
The main enterprise operating in this industry is the open joint-stock company “Krasnoyarskkraigol”. OJSC Krasnoyarskkraigol produces coal in the deposits of the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin and the Kansk coal mine.

Mining industry

Fuel and energy complex

The main branch of the region's specialization is energy.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory produces about 6% of the total electricity produced by the country. On the territory of the region there are large energy facilities - Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Power Station, Krasnoyarsk State District Power Plant-2, Nazarovskaya State District Power Plant, the Boguchanskaya Hydroelectric Power Station under construction and Berezovskaya State District Power Plant-1.
In terms of electricity production per person, the Krasnoyarsk Territory ranks second in Russia. The two largest hydroelectric power stations in Eurasia were built on the Yenisei: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya. On the basis of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) was created with the most powerful Berezovsky GRES-1 and GRES-2 in the world. The existing open-pit mines in the basin (Borodinsky, Nazarovsky, Berezovsky) annually supply about 55 million tons of coal for the needs of power engineers. A significant part of the coal is supplied to thermal stations in neighboring regions - Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and other regions.

Timber industry complex

The country's timber industry and timber export base is now developing in the region, because forests occupy 168.2 million hectares, which is 45% of the territory of the region.
The development of the forestry industry in the region can fairly be divided into two stages. The first has already been completed - this is the formation of the main base for logging and wood processing. The first stage gave the region a powerful production base in the form of large city-forming LDK and LHK. Today, the processing industry is focused on shallow processing of primary raw materials. For this reason, the second stage, the strengthening of deep processing of forest resources, is so significant. As part of large investment projects in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, significant attention is paid to timber processing. Implementation of such large projects as a timber processing complex in the Boguchansky district for the production of bleached softwood kraft pulp, kraft liner, sawmill and woodworking products, MDF. The volume of investments is 72,300 million rubles. Business development in timber processing on the basis of Yenisei Plywood Mill LLC in the city of Sosnovoborsk. Construction of a pulp mill in the Yenisei region (Abalakovo village).
The largest enterprises: OJSC Lesosibirsky LDK-1, CJSC Novoeniseisky LHK, OJSC Maklakovsky LDK, LLC DOK Yenisei, CJSC KLM Co, LLC PG Sibirsky Les, LLC Yenisei Pulp and Paper plant."
Among the main forest-forming species are Siberian larch, cedar, pine, aspen, and birch. Every year, 55 million cubic meters of wood are harvested in the region. The region occupies a leading position in the country in the production of lumber. Transportation of wood is carried out by water along large rivers of the region and by rail.

Construction activities

About 6,000 organizations are engaged in this type of economic activity, including 2 organizations with foreign capital.
Factors for the development of construction in the region are:

implementation of large investment projects to develop the extraction of fuel and energy resources (development of the Vankor oil field) and the transport infrastructure of the region;

implementation of a comprehensive development program for the Lower Angara region;

carrying out reconstruction of metallurgical enterprises - OJSC RUSAL - Krasnoyarsk, OJSC RUSAL - Achinsk, Polar Division of OJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel;

implementation of regional and federal target programs for the resettlement of residents of the northern territories, as well as resettlement from dilapidated and dilapidated housing stock within the framework of the national project “Affordable and comfortable housing for Russian citizens”;

increased demand for housing due to the development of bank lending schemes for the population, the development and increased availability of the mortgage mechanism according to the standards of the Housing Mortgage Lending Agency.

The dynamic development of the construction complex is facilitated by the development of the local base for the production of modern building materials.
In 2007, 1,159.1 million sq. m. were commissioned. m of housing or 129% of the 2006 volume. In terms of the total area of apartments and residential premises introduced, the region took 2nd place among the regions of the Siberian Federal District.

Agriculture

Krasnoyarsk Territory is a large agricultural region of Eastern Siberia.
The region's share in the East Siberian region accounts for more than half of the total grain production, more than 40% of potatoes, 37% of vegetables, 43% of milk, 36-43% of meat and eggs. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, agriculture is developed mainly in the southern regions.
The most important directions for the development of agriculture in the region are:

grain production,

dairy and beef farming,

potato growing and

The leading branches of agriculture are crop production, meat and dairy cattle breeding and poultry farming. In the south, fine-fleece sheep breeding is developed; in the middle zone, cows, pigs, and sheep are raised; in the north, reindeer husbandry and fur farming and fur farming predominate. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is an important fur-growing region of the country. On average, up to 15 thousand white arctic foxes, more than 50 thousand commercial sables, and 400 thousand squirrels are caught on its territory.
More than 50% of the regional volume of agricultural production occurs in areas located in the central and southwestern parts of the region: Nazarovsky, Emelyanovsky, Uzhursky, Berezovsky, Shushensky, Mansky, Balakhtinsky, Sharypovsky, Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky districts.
Among the eastern regions, the Kansky district stands out in terms of the level of agricultural development.
In terms of the volume of agricultural products produced per capita, the region ranks 5th among the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The largest enterprises are: Sibirskaya Guberniya LLC, Shuvaevsky Breeding Plant OJSC, Shushenskaya Poultry Farm LLC, Novoselovskoye CJSC, Adadymskoye CJSC, Solyanskoye OPC LLC.

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