Presentation on the topic Australian animals. Unique animals of Australia. Australia - Torbeevskaya secondary general

ANIMALS AUSTRALIA

• Australia- the largest island in Oceania, called the fifth continent. Its fauna is unique, but completely devoid of monkeys, pachyderm mammals and ruminants.
• One of the good reasons to visit Australia is to get acquainted with the unique world of animals that can only be found on the Green Continent. Over 80 percent of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and plants are found exclusively in Australia. The diversity of the animal world is amazing: over 370 species of mammals, 300 species of lizards, 5 species of sea turtles, 140 species of snakes, more than 820 species of birds, two species of crocodiles and 50 types of marine mammals. You can see the main species of animals in numerous well-equipped wildlife reserves and zoos in large cities, as well as observe them in natural habitats.

• Australia has no large predators, and the small group of carnivorous mammals consists of animals the size of a cat or an average dog. The largest predator is the wild dog dingo, and smaller ones include the Tasmanian devil, spotted marsupial marten and marsupial anteater. You can meet the Tasmanian devil in its habitats in Tasmania itself and Western Australia. The marsupial marten is endangered and is found in tropical south-eastern Australia, northern Queensland and Tasmania. Dingoes can be seen throughout Australia, but are best seen in the deserts of the Northern Territory and South Australia, as well as Fraser Island on the east coast and the Kimberley in the west.

• The platypus is a very special lower mammal. It has a large, spatulate beak, which gives it a bird-like appearance. Although the platypus is a mammal, its female lays eggs, usually two, in a soft filmy shell, which she incubates in the nest for about ten days. The cubs are born blind, completely devoid of hair, and the mother feeds them while lying on her back - the babies lick the milk, which is secreted from the milk pores on the skin. When the cubs are old enough, the mother takes them to the water to hunt for small animals.

• Echidna. Another group of absolutely incredible animals that are found only in Australia: These are also mammals, only they are oviparous. The platypus hatches eggs in a hole, and then feeds the small platypuses with milk, which flows directly from the milk pores on the belly, and the echidna carries its only egg in bag, where it also feeds the cub. The appearance of these animals is very unusual: the platypus looks like a beaver with a bird's beak and webbed feet, and the echidna looks like a hedgehog with a beak.

KANGAROO

Kangaroos have long and rather large ears. They can move independently of one another - this helps animals catch the faintest sounds. Indeed, kangaroos have highly developed hearing.

serve the animal for grasping objects - the fingers are very well adapted for this purpose.

Sometimes kangaroos fight among themselves to establish dominance. The duelists stand opposite each other, leaning on their hind legs and tail. To strike, they grab each other with their front paws, raise their legs, holding only one tail, and deliver powerful blows with them. The baby kangaroo is born blind and naked, two centimeters long and weighing only one gram.

• This marsupial looks like a bear cub and weighs about 15 kilograms. The koala is covered with gray fur, lighter on the belly. Its front paws with sharp claws are well adapted to life in trees. It spends most of its time in trees, rarely descending to the ground. These animals are found in the eastern part of Australia, which is especially rich in eucalyptus forests.
• Every day, a koala eats about one kilogram of eucalyptus leaves.
• Only when the trees are located far from each other does the animal descend to the ground. The koala usually spends its entire life on eucalyptus branches.
• The koala feeds only on eucalyptus leaves and among them chooses the oldest, not the youngest. Zoologists have discovered that young leaves contain a strong poison - a strong acid - so animals avoid eating them.

MARSPUPAL DEVIL

The marsupial devil lives only in Tasmania; sometimes it is even called the Tasmanian devil. This predator spends the day in bushes and goes out hunting at night. He loves to fight, enters into battle with a stronger opponent, and even defeats dogs. If caught as a cub, it is easily tamed and becomes attached to a person.

Wombats are herbivores that spend most of their lives underground. Outwardly, they resemble small bears, but weigh about 20-45 kilograms.

• Wombats are vegetarians: their diet mainly consists of grass shoots, moss, mushrooms and berries. They feed on roots, leaves and mushrooms.
• They live in the southern regions of Australia. They dig a deep branched hole for themselves.

WOMBAT

Wombats are the most economical consumers of water of all mammals, after the camel: they only need 22 ml of water per kg of body weight per day.

Inca cockatoo

Found in western and southern Australia. Prefers eucalyptus forests, bushland, low-growing Australian eucalyptus and adjacent cultivated lands. Dense forests are not suitable for them. A rare species, in some places replaced by the pink cockatoo. It is protected in all states. Currently, these parrots are rare in home keeping. . They are not imported to Europe, and there are very few chicks bred by amateurs. Catching and selling this parrot is prohibited. In Australia itself, he is detained only with the permission of the authorities . Life expectancy is from 40 to 80 years.

kookaburra

Australia is also home to birds that cannot be found on other continents. For example, the laughing kookaburra: this is a bird of prey about 45 centimeters long that makes sounds similar to human laughter. The kookaburra makes nests in the hollows of eucalyptus trees and feeds mainly on reptiles and insects. Young birds born in the previous year often stay with their parents and help them hatch the eggs of the next clutch.

cassowary

Another bird of Australia is the cassowary. This is a large flightless bird, reaching a height of one and a half meters, which makes them the second largest bird in the world (after ostriches). Cassowaries live alone and avoid people. They usually feed on fruits and mushrooms. Females generally do not take part in incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks: they often go to the site of another male, while the males incubate the eggs for about two months and then take care of the chicks on their own.

Lyrebird

A family of passerine birds. Includes two species of land-dwelling Australian birds. Lyrebirds are considered Australia's national bird, despite being rare in their natural habitat. Lyrebirds are also well known for the striking beauty of their enormous tail on the male bird, which can be admired when it opens its tail for display or in courtship.

• The fauna of Australia includes about 200 thousand species of animals, and among them there are a huge number of unique animals. 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians are indigenous to Australia and completely unique to the rest of the planet.
• A characteristic feature of Australia has always been that it has no indigenous predatory mammals. The only dangerous predatory animal and almost the only enemy of sheep herds is the dingo dog, an animal of medium size between a fox and a wolf. Dingoes were introduced by the Austronesians, who traded with Aboriginal Australians from 3000 BC. e. Australia also did not have its own pachyderms and ruminants.
• Many plants and animals, including giant marsupials, became extinct with the settlement of the mainland by aborigines; others (such as the Tasmanian tiger (better known as the marsupial wolf)) became extinct with the arrival of Europeans.

marsupial wolf

• 1. What mammal lays eggs? a) kangaroo
• b) platypus
• c) wombat
• 2. What animal moves by jumping? a) echidna
• b) dingo dog
• c) kangaroo
• 3. What animal eats eucalyptus? a) marsupial wolf
• b) koala
• c) marsupial devil
• 4. Males of which bird hatch their chicks? a) lyrebird
• b) cassowary
• c) kookaburra
• 5. Which bird is a predator? a) cockatoo
• b) kookaburra
• c) lyrebird

• Dingo is a secondarily feral domestic dog, the only placental predator in the aboriginal fauna of Australia.

• The dugong is an aquatic mammal; the only modern representative of the dugong family of the sirenian order. The name "dugong" comes from the Malay duyung, meaning "mermaid", "sea maiden".

• This unique animal is one of the symbols of Australia

• Its black coloring, huge mouth with sharp teeth, ominous night cries and ferocious disposition gave the first European settlers the reason to nickname this stocky predator “the devil”.

• They are the only Australian marsupials that lead an underground lifestyle.

• The Australian echidna is an oviparous mammal of the echidna family. This is the only representative of the genus of true echidnas.

• Wombats are burrowing herbivores that resemble small bears in appearance.

• The sugar glider, or pygmy flying squirrel, is a small animal of the order Dvureztsov, belongs to the infraclass Marsupials.

• Wallabies are a group of species of marsupial mammals in the kangaroo family, typically smaller in size than kangaroos or wallaroos.

• The marsupial anteater or nambat is a rare mammal of the marsupial anteater family; the only representative of the family of the same name.

• Emu is a family of birds of the cassowary order, currently represented by a single species - the common emu. Previously, emus were classified as ostrich-like animals.

• Cassowaries are the only genus of large flightless birds of the cassowary family of the cassowary order, living in the tropical forests of New Guinea and northeastern Australia.

• Marsupial mice (Antechinus) are a genus of mammals in the family of predatory marsupials.

• It is a medium-sized and densely built bird of prey.

• Lyrebirds are considered Australia's national bird, despite being rare in their natural habitat.

• These are migratory birds. Little loins overwinter in Africa and Asia, where they feed in shallow waters overgrown with reeds with a muddy bottom, sometimes in rice fields and damp meadows.

• a species of bird from the stork family. Distributed in Asia and Australia, where it lives mainly in aquatic and swampy places in the north of the country.

• Moloch, or horned devil, is a lizard from the agam family. The name is given because of its terrifying appearance.

• Taipans are a genus of very poisonous snakes of the asp family. Large Australian snakes, whose bite is considered the most dangerous among modern snakes, before the development of an antidote to it (in 1955), died from a taipan bite in more than 90% of cases. There are only 2 species: the taipan itself and the fierce snake.

• The cattail is a lungfish from the family Ceratodontidae. Endemic to Australia. The Queensland natives call it barramunda.

• The warty fish (or wasp fish, stone fish) is a carnivorous fish of the wart family with poisonous spines on its back, which lives on the bottom near coral reefs and camouflages itself as a stone. It is considered the most poisonous fish in the world.

• The Mustelidae family of sharks in some respects occupy an intermediate position between the families of cats and gray sharks. They usually do not have a nictitating membrane, but there is a fold of skin on the lower eyelid that resembles this membrane.

• The Ragfish, or Grass Sea Dragon, is a marine fish of the needle family (Syngnathidae), the only species of the genus Phyllopteryx.

• The Australian conefish is a species of fish belonging to the conefish family and the only representative of its genus. Also known as chainmail fish or knight fish for its corresponding coloration; and as a "sidelight" fish, as it has a pair of bioluminescent organs reminiscent of ships' navigation lights.

Slide 2

ECHIDNA