Urban-type settlements: description, features. How does an urban settlement differ from a city? List of urban-type settlements in Russia by population Urban-type settlement: description
Where do you live? In the city? In a village or town? Have you ever thought about the differences between one settlement and another? Most likely not. Few people pay attention to such little things in everyday life. Therefore, we decided to reveal a little the nuances of territorial division in Russia. Today we will look at urban-type settlements.
Types of settlements in Russia
The administrative-territorial division in our country can be represented as follows:
- village;
- village;
- village;
- Urban-type settlement;
- city.
If we talk about the types of settlements in more detail, it should be noted that a village is usually considered a settlement in which even less than ten people can live. There are no infrastructure or leisure facilities there.
The expanded village, in which a school, kindergarten and clinic are built, becomes a village. Most often, villages are located within easy reach of the city and have constant transport links with it.
All the listed infrastructure facilities and a church are located in the village. Its presence is required to obtain the status of this locality. In addition, villages can be formed far from cities and regional centers.
There is another type of settlement - ZATO. These settlements are closed and, according to their characteristics, belong to urban-type settlements. Its inhabitants are employees of secret enterprises of strategic importance for our country. Usually the population of ZATO is small, it rarely exceeds two thousand people. Until the nineties of the last century, these settlements were strictly secret and did not even have their own names.
What is an urban village?
Urban-type settlements (abbreviated as PGT) are settlements inhabited by at least three thousand people. Moreover, more than 80% of the population should be employed outside the agricultural sector. We can say that the urban settlement is an intermediate link between the village and the city.
Urban settlement: history of its appearance in Russia
In pre-revolutionary Russia there was no such thing as “urban-type settlements.” The administrative-territorial division did not provide for such a unit, but in the early twenties of the last century, the government of the young country decided to make serious changes to the definitions and names of some territorial units. For the first time, the definition of posad was introduced, from which an urban-type settlement was subsequently formed.
Urban settlement: classification
Urban settlements in Russia do not represent a single structure. This name is general. In fact, PGT can be divided into several subtypes:
- resort villages;
- holiday villages;
- workers' villages.
Each type indicated can be safely classified as PGT, but they have their own characteristics and features. For example, a workers' settlement is located very close to a city or a large city-forming enterprise. All its residents can work in one place, and the population often does not exceed two thousand people.
Resort and holiday villages are located in places where sanatoriums and health resorts have been built. The population of these urban centers is served by various institutions and is subject to seasonality. This is especially true for holiday villages; they retained their status only if there were at least one and a half thousand inhabitants throughout the year.
Urban settlement: description
PGT in general terms is practically no different from the city. In central Russia, where many ancient cities are located, the population of urban-type settlements is often several times greater than the number of urban residents. However, they are still called PGT.
An urban settlement is usually quite large. The average urban-type settlement has a population of 15,000 people. On its territory there are clinics, schools, preschool institutions and numerous shopping centers. Quite often, several roads, including federal ones, pass through an urban settlement. Often such a settlement has several parks or is crossed by a river. In this case, it simply occupies a huge territory.
We can say that the urban-type settlement is the same city, but it lacks social infrastructure. Children have no place to engage in creative activities, adults do not have the opportunity to get to the theater or museum. This is precisely what prevents this settlement from receiving city status. On average, the population of urban settlements ranges from one to two thousand people to two hundred thousand people.
City and urban village: differences
These two types of settlements are very similar to each other and, at first glance, do not have significant differences. But in fact there are some differences.
First of all, the differences are noticeable in the management of the settlement. The PGT has a head who has a staff of administrative workers. But according to the tariff schedule, his position is called “head of an urban village.” The head of the city is the mayor, and in his absence the deputies deal with important issues. Next come lower-level officials.
It is unlikely that you will find an urban village whose residential buildings have thirty floors, although this is not prohibited by law. But in reality, urban settlements are built with houses no higher than nine floors.
A private house in an urban village is not uncommon. Quite often, residents prefer to build on their own plot of land, thus expanding the boundaries of the settlement. This is impossible in the city. A person can purchase land for individual construction only outside a populated area. Within the city limits, free land is always given over to high-rise construction.
The most important and noticeable difference between an urban settlement and a city is its infrastructure facilities. Typically, urban settlements do not have a swimming pool, circus or theater. All other entertainment and leisure facilities in the urban settlement are identical to those in the city.
How are postal codes formed?
Urban-type settlements have the same index formation system as other settlements in the country. After the forties of the last century, an innovative postal identification system was introduced, which is still in effect.
Our country has adopted six-digit indexes. In this case, the first three digits indicate the settlement code, and the second three - the post office number. Large cities may have several codes that facilitate the delivery of correspondence to the addressee. But PGTs usually have one code and several post offices.
The largest and sparsely populated urban settlements in Russia
At the moment, federal legislation does not regulate the acquisition of urban-type settlement status by a settlement. This is done by local authorities. But the dispersion in the population of urban-type settlements within the country is quite large. For example, the urban settlement of Sunzha is considered the largest; more than sixty thousand people live in it. More than a hundred urban-type settlements have a population of less than one thousand people. But the smallest is considered to be PGT Kozhym. It is located in the Komi Republic, and only four people live on its territory.
Moscow region
Urban-type settlements in the Moscow region are quite numerous; currently there are twenty-four territorial units:
- Nakhabino.
- Tomilino.
- Malakhovka.
- Vlasikha.
- Kraskovo.
- Kalininets.
- Monino.
- Beloozersky.
- Tuchkovo.
- October.
- Specific.
- Sofrino.
- Selyatino.
- Dam.
- Bolshie Vyazemy.
- Mikhnevo.
- Fryanovo.
- Ilyinsky.
- Andreevka.
- Bykovo.
- Nekrasovsky.
- Shakhovskaya.
- Pravdinsky.
- Obukhovo.
The most densely populated town is Nakhabino, with just over forty thousand residents. And the smallest urban settlement was Obukhovo, its population is ten thousand people.
We can say that the urban settlements of the Moscow region are characterized by rapid population growth and transformation into a different status. Sociologists attribute this to the proximity of Moscow. The huge metropolis is gradually expanding and approaching urban-type settlements. As a result, they merge into a single territorial unit and become part of the city. This practice is actively used all over the world, because cities with a population of over a million tend to develop and grow not only in height, but also in width.
In conclusion, I would like to say that urban-type settlements are an intermediate administrative-territorial unit. During the period of decline in urbanization, they lose their importance and numbers, but at the time of rapid urban growth, it is urban settlements that become a kind of fuel for numerous urban enterprises in need of workers.
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Topic: "Solving logical problems."
Lesson objectives:
Cognitive:
1. Formation and development of various types of memory, attention, imagination.
2. Formation and development of general educational skills.
3. Formation of a general ability to search and find new solutions, unusual ways to achieve the desired result, new approaches to considering the proposed situation.
4. Formation of interdisciplinary communication.
Educational:
1. Develop speech and thinking in the course of mastering such techniques of mental activity as the ability to analyze, compare, synthesize, generalize, highlight the main thing, prove and disprove.
2. Develop the motor sphere.
3. Develop the child's cognitive ability.
4. Development of control and self-control skills.
Educators:
1. Foster in children a sense of friendship and camaraderie.
2. Cultivate a love for the subject.
3. Foster a system of moral interpersonal relationships.
Adaptive
1. Adaptation to the lesson topic; teacher-student adaptation; adaptation student - student.
2. Form the main groups of student competencies at various stages of the lesson.
Lesson equipment:
Ø interactive whiteboard, multimedia projector;
Ø presentation prepared in MS Power Point;
Ø Handout.
Lesson type:
Lesson of explanation and consolidation of knowledge
Methods:
Visual;
Analytical;
Independent work;
Forms of organizing educational activities:
frontal, individual.
Requirements for student knowledge and skills:
students should know:
basic methods for solving logical problems.
students must be able to:
solve logic problems in various ways.
During the classes
1. Class organization.
So, friends, pay attention!
The bell rang again
Sit back, get comfortable
Let's start the lesson now.
The topic of our lesson is “Solving logical problems.”
Without logic it is almost impossible to enter
into our world of brilliant discoveries of intuition.
Kirill Fandeev (musician, composer)
2. Updating knowledge, skills and abilities.1. Train your mind! (intellectual warm-up)
1) There are a ruler, a pencil, a compass and an eraser on the table. You need to draw a circle on a piece of paper. Where to begin?
Answer: You need to get a sheet of paper.
2) One train travels from Moscow to St. Petersburg with a delay of 10 minutes, and the other from St. Petersburg to Moscow with a delay of 20 minutes. Which of these trains will be closer to Moscow when they meet?
Answer: At the moment of meeting they will be at the same distance from Moscow
3) The boy fell down 4 steps and broke his leg. How many legs will a boy break if he falls down 40 steps?
Answer: Just one, because... his second one is already broken, or no more than one, if he’s lucky
4)What is the correct way to say: “9 and 7 equals 15” or “9 plus 7 equals 15”?
The answer is 9+7=16.
3.Learning a new topic
What does it mean to solve logical problems?
During the lessons we will compare, analyze, generalize, and draw conclusions.
Methods for solving logical problems:
Method of reasoning
Table method
Graph method
Euler circle method
By means of algebra logic
Method of reasoning.
Table method:
Solving problems in a tabular way: The tabular method of solving logical problems is simple and clear. But it can only be used when it is necessary to establish a correspondence between two sets. It is more convenient when sets have five or six elements.
To solve a problem using a tabular method, you need to know the following rules:
1. Each row and each column of the table can contain only one “+” sign.
2. If in a row (or column) all the “places” except one are occupied by “-”, then you need to put a “+” sign on the free space; if there is already a “+” sign in a row (or column), then all other places must be occupied by a “-” sign.
Thus, the solution will be completed when we are able to place one plus in each row and column.
Let's get started with the tasks
1. Lesson summary: In mathematics there are differenttypes of logical problems.
2. Methods consist in logical analysisconditions, choosing the appropriate laws of mathematics and optimal solution paths.
3. . Ingenuity tasks help you learn to think independently, develop logic, and interest in mathematics. With their help you can feel the connection between mathematics and real life problems.
And in conclusion…
. “If two people each have one apple and exchange them, each of them will only have one apple. But if two people each have one idea and exchange them, each person will have two ideas.” B. Shaw
Task 18, basic level.
Logical tasks.
Task 1.The school purchased a table, a blackboard, a tape recorder and a printer. It is known that a printer is more expensive than a tape recorder, and a board is cheaper than a tape recorder and cheaper than a table. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
- A tape recorder is cheaper than a board.
- A printer is more expensive than a board.
- The board is the cheapest purchase.
- The printer and board cost the same.
Solution.The solution could be like this. We compare the cost of items using inequalities.
P>M, M>D,
C>D.
From these inequalities it is clearly seen that the board is the cheapest, the printer is more expensive than the board. Statements 1 and 4 are false.
Answer 23.
Task 2.Twenty graduates of one of the eleventh grades took the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The lowest score obtained in this class was 28 and the highest was 83. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
- Among these graduates there is a person who received 83 points for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
- Among these graduates there are twenty people with equal scores for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
- Among these graduates there is a person who received 100 points for the Unified State Exam in Russian.
- Any of these twenty people’s Unified State Exam scores in Russian are no lower than 27.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Solution.The first statement is correct because the highest score obtained in this class is 83, so someone got it.
The second statement is not true, since at least one student received 28 points and at least one received 83.
The third statement is not true, since the highest score obtained by the students is 83.
The fourth statement is correct since the lowest score is 28.
Answer 14.
Problems for independent solution.
Task 1.Victor is older than Denis, but younger than Yegor. Andrey is not older than Victor. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. Egor is the eldest of these four people.
2. Andrey and Egor are the same age.
3. Victor and Denis are the same age.
4. Denis is younger than Yegor.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 2.The hostess bought a cake, pineapple, juice and cold cuts for the holiday. The cake was more expensive than pineapple, but cheaper than cold cuts, and the juice was cheaper than cake. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. Pineapple was cheaper than cold cuts.
2. They paid more for the juice than for the cold cuts.
3. Cold cuts are the most expensive purchase.
4. Cake is the cheapest purchase.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 3.The hostess bought fruit juice, ice cream, crab sticks and fish for the holiday. Ice cream was more expensive than crab sticks, but cheaper than fish; fruit juice was cheaper than ice cream. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. Morse was cheaper than fish.
2. They paid more for fruit juice than for ice cream.
3. Fish is the most expensive purchase.
4. Among these four purchases, there are three that cost the same.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 4.The company purchased a rack, a table, a projector and a photocopier. It is known that a rack is more expensive than a table, and a copier is cheaper than a table and cheaper than a projector. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. A table is cheaper than a photocopier.
2. A rack is more expensive than a photocopier.
3. A photocopier is the cheapest purchase.
4. The rack and the copier cost the same.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 5.When a cat walks along the fence, the dog Sharik, who lives in a booth near the house, always barks. Choose the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. If Sharik doesn’t bark, it means a cat is walking along the fence.
2. If Sharik is silent, it means the cat is not walking along the fence.
3. If a black cat walks along the fence, Sharik does not bark.
4. If a white cat walks along the fence, Sharik will bark.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 6.In residential buildings with more than 5 floors, an elevator is installed. Choose the statements that are true under the given conditions.
If the house does not have an elevator, then this house has more than 6 floors.
If a building does not have an elevator, then the building has less than 6 floors.
If the house has more than 8 floors, then it does not have an elevator.
If the house has more than 7 floors, then it has an elevator.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 7.There are 30 students in the group, of which 20 people passed the test in economics and 20 passed the test in English. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. In this group there are 11 students who did not pass either of these two tests.
2. At least 10 students from this group passed tests in both economics and English.
3. No more than 20 students from this group passed tests in both economics and English.
4.
In this group there are 20 students who did not pass the test
in English, but passed the test in economics.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 8.There are only 12 residential buildings in the urban village. The height of each house is less than 30 meters, but not less than 9 meters. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. In the village there is a residential building 30 meters high.
2. The difference in height of any two residential buildings in the village is more than 3 meters.
3. There is no residential building 8 meters high in the village.
4. The height of any residential building in the village is at least 7 meters.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Task 9.In a pet store, 30 fish were put into one of the aquariums. The length of each fish is more than 2 cm, but does not exceed 8 cm. Choose the statements that are true under the specified conditions.
1. Seven fish in this aquarium are shorter than 2 cm.
2. There are no fish in this aquarium that are 9 cm long.
3. The difference in length of any two fish is no more than 6 cm.
4. The length of each fish is more than 8 cm.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Problem 10.In residential buildings with more than 12 floors, electric stoves are installed instead of gas ones. Choose the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. If the house has gas stoves, then this house has more than 13 floors.
2. If the house has gas stoves, then the house has less than 13 floors.
3. If the house has more than 17 floors, then gas stoves are installed in it.
4. If the house has gas stoves, then it has no more than 12 floors.
In your answer, write down the numbers of the selected statements without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Problem 11.Olya is younger than Alisa, but older than Ira. Lena is not younger than Ira. Select the statements that are true under the given conditions.
1. Alisa and Ira are the same age.
2. Among these four people, there is no one younger than Ira.
3. Alisa is older than Ira.
4. Alisa and Olya are the same age.
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