Universal human values ​​in the modern world. Universal values ​​- A PRIORI The concept of discrimination and reflection in universal values

Plan

1. Introduction…………………………………………………….…..2

2. The concept and nature of values…………………………………..4

3. Moral values…………………………………….…6

4. Classification of values ​​in the modern world………..…….8

5. Conclusion…………………………………………………….…13

6. Literature……………………………………………………..14

Introduction

Society is a complex system of various social relations. Social relations are divided into material and spiritual. Material relations develop outside our consciousness and exist independently of it. Spiritual relationships are formed by first passing through the consciousness of people. The connection between them is indirect: material relations, reflected in the public consciousness, give rise to certain spiritual values, which are the basis of spiritual relations.

Spiritual life can be filled with rich content, which creates a favorable social atmosphere and a good moral and psychological climate. In other cases, the spiritual life of a society can be poor and inexpressive, and sometimes real lack of spirituality reigns in it.

The main elements of spiritual life are the spiritual needs of people, spiritual activities to create spiritual values, spiritual consumption and spiritual relationships between people.

The basis of the spiritual life of society is spiritual activity. It can be considered as an activity of consciousness, during which certain thoughts and feelings, images arise And ideas about natural and social phenomena. The result of this activity is certain people’s views on the world, scientific ideas and theories, moral, aesthetic and religious views.

A special type of spiritual activity is the dissemination of spiritual values ​​with the aim of assimilating them to the largest possible number of people. The result of such activity is the formation of the spiritual world of people, and therefore the enrichment of the spiritual life of society.

The motivating forces of spiritual activity are spiritual needs- a person’s internal motivations for spiritual creativity. They are objective in content, i.e. are determined by the totality of the circumstances of people’s lives and express the need for them to spiritually master the socio-natural world around them. At the same time, spiritual needs are subjective in form, because they appear as manifestations of the inner world of people, their consciousness and self-awareness.

An essential aspect of spiritual life is spiritual nconsumption. Objects of spiritual consumption, whether works of art or moral and religious values, form corresponding needs.

Production and consumption spirits values ​​are mediated spirit ov relationships. Such types of spiritual relations as cognitive, moral, aesthetic and others are distinguished. Spiritualrelationship- this is, first of all, the relationship of a person’s intellect and feelings to certain values ​​and, ultimately, to all reality. The spiritual relationships established in society are manifested in the everyday communication of people, including family, industrial, national, etc. They create the intellectual and emotional background of interpersonal communication and largely determine its content.

Before talking about the problem of values, we should at least briefly dwell on the phenomenon of human freedom, as a basic concept that determines the essence of the value approach.

Freedom is the ability of a person to act in accordance with his interests and desires. In Russian, the term “freedom” is used primarily in the meaning of “freedom from”, i.e. absence of external coercion, oppression, restrictions, etc. The concept of “will” has a broader meaning, which took shape around the 15th-16th centuries. in the Moscow state. On the one hand, “freedom” did not at all mean individual autonomy, but, on the contrary, replaced it with the authority of the group, which is, in a certain sense, lack of freedom. On the other hand, the will has both its own desire and the command of nature, the steppe, the distance, which is so characteristic of the Russian perception of the world. The concept of freedom was entrenched in Christianity as an expression of the idea of ​​equality of people before God and the possibility for a person of free choice on the path to God. However, the implementation of this idea turned out to be in conflict with the ideals of equality and justice.

At the same time, it is obvious that ignoring necessity is fraught with arbitrariness and permissiveness, anarchy and chaos, which generally excludes freedom. Consequently, freedom is something more than taking into account objective necessity and eliminating external restrictions. Much more essential is inner freedom, “freedom for,” freedom to choose truth, goodness and beauty. Within the framework of “freedom from,” the formula is quite reasonable: “Everything that is not prohibited is permitted.” But in essence, this is the logic of a slave left without an overseer.

The most essential characteristic of freedom is its internal certainty. A person has no social structure if it does not take into account the benefits of being an individual and having the freedom to realize it.

The concept and nature of values.

The philosophical doctrine of values ​​and their nature is called axiology(from the Greek axios - value and logos - teaching). But before taking shape in its modern form, this theory went through a historical path of development equal to the formation of philosophy itself, within the framework of which it was formed.

In ancient and then medieval philosophy, values ​​were identified with being itself, and value characteristics were included in its concept. Values, therefore, were not separated by departure, but were considered as being in being itself.
Already in ancient philosophy there were different approaches to the question of the absolute and relative nature of values. If, for example, according to Plato, the highest values ​​are absolute, then from the point of view of representatives of the sophists, all values ​​are individual and relative. This followed from their main thesis: “man is the measure of all things.” An attempt at a differentiated approach to values ​​is contained in the philosophy of Aristotle, who, on the one hand, recognizes self-sufficient values, or “self-values,” which, in particular, include man, happiness, justice, etc. But at the same time, the theme affirms the relative nature of most values, for different things seem valuable to children and husbands, kind And wise people.

Different historical eras and different philosophical systems leave their mark on the understanding of values. In the Middle Ages, they were associated with the divine essence and acquired a religious character. The Renaissance brings to the fore the values ​​of humanism. In modern times, the development of science and new social relations largely determines the basic approach to considering objects and phenomena as values.

I. Kant was the first to use the concept of “value” in a special, narrow sense. The premise of axiology for her is the separation of what is and what should be, reality and ideal. Values ​​are requirements, addressed to the will; goals , standing in front of a person; importance certain factors for the individual. Hegel pays special attention to the distinction between economic (utilitarian) and spiritual values. The former act as goods and are characterized in terms of their “quantitative certainty”. These values ​​are always relative, i.e. depend on demand, “on sales, on the taste of the public.” In the second sense, values ​​are associated with freedom of spirit, and everything “that has value And significance is spiritual in nature.”

Moral values.

The concept of values ​​reflects the significance of certain objective phenomena for people’s lives. The value attitude is formed in the process of human activity, where three types of production are distinguished: people, things and ideas.

The first value is the person himself in all the diversity of his life and activities. This idea did not arise immediately, but was the result of a rather long evolution of public consciousness. The conviction that every person is valuable in itself, regardless of his age, gender, race and nation, origin, etc., arose and was strengthened either in comparison of a person with the highest value (God, Spirit), or due to the action of the general laws of social life. Thus, in Buddhism, the equality of people and recognition of their value occurred due to the fact that everything born is doomed to suffering and must overcome it and find nirvana.

In Christianity, the value of a person is seen in the possibility of atonement for sinfulness and the acquisition of eternal life in Christ, and in Islam the value of a person is in surrendering oneself to Allah and fulfilling his will.

The value of the human person in a certain sense is higher than everything that a given person does or says. It cannot be reduced to work or creativity, to recognition from society or a group of people.

The second phenomenon of the world of values ​​is the things produced by man throughout his entire historical path. The world of things covers everything - from the ancient pyramids to ultra-modern computers and accelerators, spacecraft and polymers. This world of material culture, created by people to satisfy their needs, represents, as it were, the “inorganic body” of a person, repeatedly enhancing his power, defining his abilities and talents. The material world has become the “second nature” of man, and it is no coincidence that the value attitude towards it is a fairly accurate criterion of the value of man himself. The question of the relationship between the value of a person, his life, health and his property has always been central to any ideological system. All religions severely condemn the desire to accumulate material values ​​and greed.

The essence of the problem of value and evaluation of the world of things is to understand the limits of this world and its influence on human development. It is obvious that people cannot get by with some minimum of things, and the ideals of asceticism have never been widespread. It is equally obvious that there is no upper limit to the saturation of things, and their quantity is ever increasing. Moreover, one of the reasons for the acute environmental crisis is the accumulation of waste from human civilization, which cannot be disposed of. The processing of the planet's resources into things is proceeding at an accelerated pace, which gives rise, on the one hand, to serious concern among scientists and politicians, and on the other hand, to mass movements for the rejection of limitless consumption and voluntary self-restraint.

The widespread opinion that wealth corrupts a person, destroys him, and poverty promotes moral purification, was born and supported in moments of acute social cataclysms, with a sharp polarization of society.

It is not for nothing that all world religions, especially at the beginning of their emergence, were religions of the poor, disadvantaged, and oppressed. They preached the renunciation of perishable earthly riches and the pursuit of eternal heavenly values. Later, when the churches themselves became owners and owners of significant wealth, the attitude towards the world of things changed somewhat. Atheists, not trusting in eternal life, called for using earthly blessings in every possible way.

Things in themselves are value neutral. People have to constantly evaluate new phenomena in human life and society and relate them to traditional value systems. This fully applies to the system of spiritual values.

Spiritual values ​​are a kind of spiritual capital of humanity, accumulated over millennia, which not only does not depreciate, but, as a rule, increases. The nature of spiritual values ​​is studied in the theory of values, which establishes the relationship between values ​​and the world of realities of human life. We are talking primarily about moral and aesthetic values. They are rightfully considered the highest, because they largely determine human behavior in other value systems.

As for moral values, the main question here is the relationship between good and evil, the nature of happiness and justice, love and hatred, the meaning of life. In the history of mankind there have been several successive attitudes, reflecting different value systems.

Classification of values ​​in the modern world.

In the literature, there are different methods and principles of classification and hierarchy of values. So, they highlight values-goals, or highest (absolute) values, and values-means(instrumental values). They talk about values positive And negative, bearing in mind their social significance and the consequences of their implementation. Can be highlighted material And spiritual values, etc., but they are all closely interconnected and unified and form the integrity of each person’s world.

However, despite the various forms of differentiation of values ​​and their relative nature, there is the most highest And absolute value- this is himself Human, his life. This value should be considered only as an end value, and should never be treated as a means value, as Kant wrote so convincingly about. Man is self-worth, absolute value. He is the subject of values ​​and value attitudes, and the very formulation of the question of values ​​outside of man becomes meaningless, unless, of course, one falls into mystical speculation.

Social communities and society as a whole, which are also subjects of values, represent the same value. The basis of this lies in the social essence of man and the ensuing dialectic of society and personality .

In addition, the highest values ​​include the following: "pre-efficient" And most common for people values ​​such as the meaning of life, goodness, justice, beauty, truth, freedom, etc.

a) Highest values.

This type of values ​​has a primary influence on the socialization of the individual. Their implementation is essentially identical to the implementation of the deepest layer of the personality structure. Without this, not only cannot a person develop, but life itself will be unbearable for the majority. People who, for some reason, have not found, for example, the meaning of life or do not have the opportunity to realize it in the same way as other highest values, often come to
the conclusion about the failure of life itself, and sometimes they end in tragedy.

These values ​​of being act as the most important needs, and they are so significant for the individual that their suppression even gives rise to a certain type of pathology of the soul, which comes, for example, from constantly living among liars and loss of trust in people.

The problem of higher values ​​and, above all, the meaning of life is connected with the problem "existentialvacuum". In existentialnom there is a man in a vacuum, confused in values ​​or not having found them. This condition is especially common these days. Traditional and established values ​​are quickly being destroyed, and not only young people, but also seasoned people are often not clear about what to live for, what to strive for, what to want. The existential vacuum associated with the loss of meaning-forming values, with a lack of meaning in life, has a significant negative impact on the quality of socialization of the individual and often leads to the development of neuroses.

A constant companion and form of manifestation of the existential vacuum is boredom. Nowadays, boredom often poses much more problems than even need. This is explained by the fact that need pushes a person to action, activity to overcome it, while boredom often leads to escape from reality: drunkenness, drug addiction, and sometimes to suicide or antisocial, deviant behavior.

b) Values-means. Specific values.

The socialization of the individual is influenced not only by the highest values. Of no small importance in this process are values-means, which act as intermediate values. They are subordinated to and conditioned by higher values. Without values-means, no value-goals are achievable, but at the same time, no value-goals justify bad means.

The next aspect of the problem under consideration concerns the
that different sociocultural types of society have specificChinese values. Let us take, for example, the two most significant value contrasts in the history of mankind: eastern and western. Each of them reflects the values ​​associated with specifics way of life of the corresponding society. Thus, the Eastern tradition is characterized by the affirmation of the unity of society and man, the dominance of such norms and rules of individual behavior as justice, humanity, sincerity, humanity, respect for parents and elders.

The Western tradition is characterized by the opposition between the individual and society and the priority of individual values ​​over public ones.

Consequently, for the normal development of personality, one must change both oneself and the social environment, the world. A person whose value orientations are associated only with changing oneself, only with adapting to the social environment, is doomed to conformist behavior. The absolutization of the values ​​of individualism leads to the alienation of the individual from society.

A comparative analysis of the values ​​of Western and Eastern cultures at the present stage of their development shows that in Western culture the primary values ​​are such as individuality, money, efficiency, primacy, aggressiveness, respect for youth, and equality of women in society. In Eastern culture, collective responsibility, modesty, respect for elders, patriotism, motherhood, and authoritarianism come first. Each type of culture has its own advantages and disadvantages. Our task, therefore, is to accumulate, on the basis of our own culture, traditions and mentality, all the best that exists in both Western and Eastern types of culture.

c) Market values.

Influence market values socialization of the individual is a relevant and most important problem for us today. Our society is going through a crucial historical stage - the formation of market relations. It is associated with a change not only in economic relations, but also in the entire system of social relations that is based on them. The entire way of life of people is changing, and this, of course, cannot but lead to a change in value orientations, behavioral motivations and the entire process of socialization of the individual.

Under the dominance of market relations, a person often loses his highest values, which constitute the meaning of his life. And this leads to the formation of an existential vacuum.

By themselves, market relations and the goals and values ​​associated with them cannot have a self-sufficient meaning, i.e. act as the highest values. These are always only values ​​- means for a person’s own development. The subsequent goals of material enrichment and market values ​​are, of course, necessary. But behind them there are always (and should not be forgotten) more fundamental values ​​of the spiritual development of the individual. An important role in their affirmation in life belongs to philosophy.

d) Irrational and pseudoscientific values.

Today in our society there are more and more widespread irrational and pseudoscientific values. Cash is systematically bombarded with an avalanche of information, the content of which is related to pseudoscience (mysticism, occultism, astrology, magic, witchcraft, etc.). Under such conditions, uncritical thinking and perception of reality are formed involuntarily, at an unconscious level. Rationalism is replaced by irrationalism, any functional myth is considered rational. A type of consciousness is being formed in which real contradictions are not taken into account, the principle of objectivity is replaced by subjectivism, the logic of reason is replaced by faith and suggestion. Thus, there are the main signs mythological thinking.

In conclusion, it should be noted that one of the most important trends in the development of modern philosophy is increasing attention to man, to the problems of his existence in the world and to his inner world. And obviously, this is not accidental, because, in the end, the general task of philosophy should be to connect a person with the world, those. to make a person a real representative and subject of the world, and the world to be truly human.

Conclusion

Summarizing all of the above, we can draw the following conclusions. Freedom is the most complex and deeply contradictory phenomenon of human life and society, which has the greatest attraction and is at the same time a heavy burden.

All of the above gives grounds to formulate the concept of human spirituality, which in the secular philosophical tradition is considered, firstly, as the relative autonomy of a person, his independence from external influences, and secondly, as something worth living for and giving his life if necessary. Spirituality is a synthesis of Truth, Beauty and Goodness with an emphasis on the latter, because a person is able to create it himself. In Christian philosophy, this is expressed by the triad of Faith, Hope, Love and Sophia embracing them - i.e. wisdom.

With all the zigzags of world history, humanity is moving along the path of humanizing people's relations, establishing a universal system of values, and recognizing the leading role of the individual in progress. Thus, the concepts of personality, freedom, and values ​​enrich and expand our understanding of man, his past, present and future.

Literature:

Zdravonoskov A.G. "Needs. Interests. Values."

Arefieva G.S. "Society as an object of socio-philosophical analysis."

- M. 1995

Frank S.L. "reality and man".

– M. 1997

Kalmakov V.N. "Fundamentals of Philosophy".

– M. 2003

“Eternal” values

1. Worldview ideals, moral and legal norms based on goodness and reason, truth and beauty, peacefulness and philanthropy, hard work and solidarity, reflecting the historical spiritual experience of all humanity and creating conditions for the realization of universal human interests, for the full existence and development of each individual.

2. Well-being of loved ones, love, peace, freedom, respect.

3. Life, freedom, happiness, as well as the highest manifestations of human nature, revealed in his communication with his own kind and with the transcendental world.

4. “The golden rule of morality” - do not do to others what you do not want them to do to you.

5. Truth, beauty, justice.

6. Peace, life of humanity.

7. Peace and friendship between peoples, individual rights and freedoms, social justice, human dignity, environmental and material well-being of people.

8. Moral requirements related to the ideals of humanism, justice and personal dignity.

9. Basic laws that exist in most countries (prohibition of murder, theft, etc.).

10. Religious commandments.

11. Life itself, the problem of its preservation and development in natural and cultural forms.

12. A system of axiological maxims, the content of which is not directly related to a specific historical period in the development of society or a specific ethnic tradition, but, filling each sociocultural tradition with its own specific meaning, is reproduced in any type of culture as values.
Human values ​​are the most common. They express the common interests of the human race, inherent in the life of people of different historical eras, socio-economic structures, and as such act as an imperative for the development of human civilization. The universality and immutability of universal human values ​​reflects some common features of class, national, political, religious, ethnic and cultural affiliation.

Universal human values ​​represent a certain system of the most important material and spiritual values. The main elements of this system are: the natural and social world, moral principles, aesthetic and legal ideals, philosophical and religious ideas and other spiritual values. Universal values ​​combine the values ​​of social and individual life. They form value orientations (determining what is socially acceptable) as priorities for the sociocultural development of ethnic groups or individuals, fixed by social practice or a person’s life experience.
In connection with the object-subject nature of the value relationship, we can note the objective and subjective values ​​that are universal to mankind.

The idea of ​​the priority of universal human values ​​is the core of new political thinking, marking a transition in international politics from hostility, confrontation and forceful pressure to dialogue, compromise and cooperation.
Violation of universal human values ​​is considered a crime against humanity.

The problem of universal human values ​​is dramatically renewed in the era of social catastrophism: the predominance of destructive processes in politics, the disintegration of social institutions, the devaluation of moral values ​​and the search for civilized sociocultural choices. In New and Contemporary times, attempts have been made repeatedly to completely deny universal human values ​​or to pass off as such the values ​​of individual social groups, classes, peoples and civilizations.

Another opinion: Universal values ​​are abstractions that dictate to people norms of behavior that, in a given historical era, best meet the interests of a particular human community (family, class, ethnic group and, finally, humanity as a whole). When history provides the opportunity, each community seeks to impose its own values ​​on all other people, presenting them as “universal human values.”

Third opinion: the phrase “universal human values” is actively used in the manipulation of public opinion. It is argued that, despite the differences in national cultures, religions, living standards and development of the peoples of the Earth, there are certain values ​​that are the same for everyone, which should be followed by everyone without exception. This is a myth (fiction) in order to create an illusion in the understanding of humanity as a kind of monolithic organism with a common path of development for all peoples and ways to achieve their goals.
In the foreign policy of the United States and its satellites, talk about the defense of “universal human values” (democracy, protection of human rights, freedom, etc.) develops into open military and economic aggression against those countries and peoples who want to develop in their traditional way, different from the opinion of the world community.
There are no absolute universal human values. For example, even if we take such a basic right, spelled out in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as the right to life, then here you can find enough examples of various world cultures in which life is not an absolute value (in ancient times - most cultures of the East and many cultures West, in the modern world - cultures based on Hinduism).
In other words, the term “universal human values” is a euphemism that covers the West’s desire to impose a new world order and ensure the globalization of the economy and multiculturalism, which will ultimately erase all national differences and create a new race of universal human slaves serving for the benefit of the chosen ones (it should be noted , that the representatives of the so-called golden billion will not be any different from such slaves).

Fourth opinion: attitudes towards the concept vary from completely denying the existence of “universal human values” to postulating a specific list of them. One of the intermediate positions is, for example, the idea that in the modern world, where no community of people exists in isolation from others, for the peaceful coexistence of cultures some common system of values ​​is simply necessary.

Every year, society moves further and further away from the spiritual values ​​that were originally considered universal; material goods, the latest technologies and entertainment become more and more important. Meanwhile, without the formation of universal moral values ​​among the younger generation, society becomes disunited and degenerates.

What are universal human values?

Values ​​that are considered universal unite the norms, morals and guidelines of many people of different nations and eras. They can be called laws, principles, canons, etc. These values ​​are not material, although they are important for all humanity.

Universal human values ​​are aimed at the development of spirituality, freedom, equality between all members of society. If in the process of self-knowledge of people there was no influence of universal human values, acts of violence are justified in society, hostility, worship of the “money calf”, and slavery flourish.

Some people are bearers of universal spiritual values. Most often, they are known to many people even many years after death. The Russian land has raised many such personalities, among which we can mention Seraphim of Sarov, Sergius of Radonezh, Matrona of Moscow, Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, Mikhail Lomonosov and many others. All these people brought goodness, love, faith and enlightenment.

Very often, objects of art are universal human values. The desire for beauty, the desire to show one’s uniqueness, to understand the world and oneself awaken in a person a thirst to create, invent, construct, create something completely new. Even in primitive society, people painted, created sculptures, decorated houses, and composed music.

Universal human values ​​also include a sense of duty, human dignity, equality, faith, honesty, duty, justice, responsibility, the search for truth and the meaning of life. Smart rulers always took care of maintaining these values ​​- they developed science, built temples, took care of orphans and the elderly.

Raising children on universal human values

Universal human values ​​are not innate - they are acquired in the process of education. Without them, especially in the context of the globalization of modern society, it is easy for any person to lose their individuality, spirituality and morality.

Raising children is mainly done by family and educational institutions. The role of both for a child is colossal; exclusion of any of the links from upbringing leads to disastrous consequences. The family is traditionally the source of such moral values ​​as love, friendship, loyalty, honesty, caring for elders, etc. School - develops intelligence, gives the child knowledge, helps in the search for truth, teaches creativity. The roles of family and school in education must necessarily complement each other. Together they should give the child knowledge about such universal human values ​​as responsibility, justice, and patriotism.

The main problem with universal human moral values ​​in modern society occurs due to the fact that an alternative to the education adopted in Soviet schools is still being sought. It, of course, had its drawbacks (authoritarianism, excessive politicization, desire for show), but it also had significant advantages. In the family, the modern younger generation is often left to its own devices due to the high employment of their parents.

The church helps to preserve enduring values. The Old Testament commandments and the sermons of Jesus fully answer many Christian questions regarding morality. Spiritual values ​​are supported by any official religion, which is why they are universal.

The issues raised in this material seem to be obvious and seem simple at first glance. But they make people think, first of all, adults, whose task is to convey to them in a simple and understandable form the truth that they themselves forget about in the whirlpool of life. Children, reaching a certain age, can appreciate and understand the life around them. Pupils of the 4th grade, with examples of universal human values ​​given to them in an accessible form, belong to this age group.

General concept

Universal human values ​​are a theoretically existing system of moral norms, the content of which is not related to a temporary historical period. Considering the fact that today there is close communication between representatives of all cultures and nationalities, the existence of a universal system of values ​​is simply necessary.

Life as a value

Today, society has reached a level of technological development that makes mutual destruction possible. The existing system of universal human values ​​can be or should be a kind of restraining barrier between peoples.

The most important and first point in this system should be human life. It is an untouchable fact; an attempt on a person’s life is unacceptable.

Let's give an example of a universal human value - life. A man was born. At birth, everyone has enormous potential and inexhaustible resources. But everyone decides for himself how to manage the resources given to him. One person is a master: from a pile of iron he will create something valuable and necessary, for example, a car. Another, for example, is a surgeon who can save many lives over many years. Due to the knowledge and skills that he acquired, due to his natural resources.

The third example, a person who drinks and does not work anywhere, at birth had the same resources and the same potential, but did not take advantage of them. Based on the example given, such a universal human value as life is the main value and incommensurable with anything in the world. And no matter what profession or age, or health of any person, everyone should know and understand the fact that the life of any person is of incommensurable value.

The value of health

This system also includes human health: every person in modern society has the right to maintain their health and has the right to treatment. Without good health, it is almost impossible for a person to build a chain of other values.

All over the world, in every country, the development of the healthcare system is considered an important stage. Hospitals, clinics, sanatoriums, hospitals: all this is created to maintain and, what is also important, control over human health. Here is an example of a universal human value - health. We often wish each other good health. This is how it happened from generation to generation. After all, having good health, a person will be able to overcome all life’s difficulties, and if necessary, even survive serious overloads.

Right to education. The importance of education as a value

Let's continue our story about universal human values; an example for 4th grade is the right to education. It certainly can be attributed to this system. Today, this is a step for a person into a world where he can take his place, benefit society, receive benefits for himself and, most importantly, for his loved ones.

Family as the main value of a person

Family. Family". The most important universal value, an example can be any family, be it the family of a friend, neighbor, or classmate. If you look around, you will notice that they are different: cheerful and noisy, strict and conservative, complete and incomplete.

Family and family values ​​are two branches that are tightly intertwined with each other. These values ​​for each person are presented in the form of a long, long list, which proves the importance and necessity of the existence of a family. This is love: a mother for her child, between spouses, caring for the older generation.

Family and family values ​​are important and necessary for any person, like the root for a mighty oak tree, the strength and power of which will dry up if the root is damaged or diseased. Same with family. Let the moments described above serve as examples of universal human values.

Science in the value system

Science occupies a leading position in the system of universal human values. Today there is an environmental threat to our planet, and man himself is, of course, to blame. Ecosystems undergo interference in their structure, but the development of science is the reason for this. This is the situation on the one hand.

On the other hand, the development of science has created the world around us in which we live. An example is the discoveries made on the basis of research by physicists, chemists, mathematicians, and astrologers, which gave impetus to the further development of humanity in various fields.

Conventionally, the influence of science can be divided into the unconscious formation of an understanding of the world as a whole, and the conscious one, which is formed in a person under the influence of society, that is, society. This fact also includes the general education system and self-education. Unconscious formation implies a fact, like the natural essence of a person, that is, at birth, each of us already has, as they say, “human essence”, characteristic curiosity, a desire to learn something new for ourselves. And it doesn’t matter in what field of activity this happens, what is important is the fact that this mechanism begins to work again and again. This is what distinguishes a person from an animal.

Physical Culture and sport. Their place in this case

Physical culture and sport occupy an important and significant position in the system of universal human values. They are aimed at strengthening human health, as well as at developing physical, moral and volitional abilities, all this together leads to the development of a strong and harmonious human personality.

Sport is a universal cultural value; an example of this is the history of development itself: these are the Olympics, and competitions, and historically formed sports. The importance of physical culture and sports is great and is formed in several directions:

• Firstly, under the influence of these factors, the formation of a person as an individual occurs.
• Secondly, he himself, already in the process of playing sports, contributes to its development, reveals or improves sports.
• Thirdly, it contributes to the development of society itself as a whole.

Literature in human life

The emergence and formation of literature itself from century to century proves the fact that this is the most important value for humanity. Literature touches a person’s soul, it helps to reveal and understand all its depth, its dark and light sides, it makes you think about why some events happened exactly the way they did, what this is connected with, what could have happened if a person had acted differently.

The answers to all these questions can be obtained from books. Any book, any work can serve as proof of this. An example of universal human values ​​from literature is the work “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign...”, which describes service to one’s Motherland, its defense, the life of the main characters is dedicated to a high idea. In addition, an example can be the fidelity and tenderness of Russian wives in this work, which, in turn, is also an example of the universal value of family. A family that gives a person strength and desire to create.

Let us give another example from classical literature based on the work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov “Ionych”. This describes the life of a young man whose desire was to serve society and be useful, but the turning point in his life was love. He fell in love with a young beautiful girl who did not reciprocate his feelings. The main character proposed marriage to her, and received only ridicule in response. No, he didn’t die, he didn’t get sick, but he lost that interest in life, the very fire in him that gave him the desire to live an interesting, full life went out. And over time, he became flabby, became addicted to gambling, and his existence became empty and meaningless.

The author, using the example of his hero, wanted to show that the loss of such universal human values ​​as love and family led the main character to a dead end. Let this experience also serve as an example to the younger generation: you should not stop in life if some trouble happens, you should always go forward towards your dream, you should always try to implement the plans you have made. After all, if you succeed in something, then the reward for yourself will not take long to come - feelings of self-respect and satisfaction from life will be your guarantee. This is an example of universal human values ​​given by the author.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to once again note the importance of moral guidelines today for each person individually, and for society as a whole. Photos of examples of universal human values ​​are presented in this article.

I would like to pay tribute to the masters of their craft; their works can also be an example for us of what they bring to the general concept of universal human values. After all, contemplation of beauty is a reminder that it is all nearby, around you, take care and love, give yourself, learn - learn with pleasure, learn every day, let it be one step, but let it be done.

Universal human values ​​are instilled in a person during his upbringing. They represent the accumulated spiritual, moral and moral principles that maintain the level of good behavior in society. Fundamental is human life with the acute problem of its preservation in the current cultural society and under existing natural conditions.

In another sense, universal human values ​​are an absolute standard that contains the foundations of moral values; they help humanity preserve its species.

However, critics argue that some are capable of misusing this concept. Thus, it can be used to manipulate public opinion. And this is despite the difference in national life, religion, etc. As a result, values ​​that are the same for everyone may contradict some culture.

But for every argument there is a counter-argument. Opponents of this side argue that without these kinds of values, society would already be morally decayed, and individual subjects would not be able to coexist peacefully.

They are important - they first of all shape and only then the culture of the country and society as a whole. And yet, there is no specificity in these kinds of values ​​- they are not some set of rules that must be followed unquestioningly. Also, they are not associated with a certain period of time in the development of a particular culture or a specific ethical tradition. This is what distinguishes a civilized person from a barbarian.

Universal human values ​​include several components. The spiritual component is religion, philosophy, art, ethics, aesthetics, various cultural monuments, masterpieces of music and cinema, literary works, etc. That is, the entire spiritual experience of peoples is of universal value. This conceals deep philosophical reflections on the meaning of existence, morality, cultural heritage and morals of the people.

The spiritual component is divided into moral, aesthetic, scientific, religious, political and legal foundations. modern society is honor, dignity, kindness, truth, non-harm and others; aesthetic - the search for the beautiful and sublime; scientific - truth; religious - faith. The political component reveals in a person a desire for peace, democracy, justice, and the legal component determines the importance of law and order in society.

The cultural component includes communication, freedom, and creative activity. Natural is organic and inorganic nature.

Universal values ​​are a form of application of moral standards that is associated with the ideals of humanism, personal dignity and justice. They guide a person to ensure that his life is based on three important components: awareness, responsibility and honesty. That's why we are people, because we are capable of achieving this. The prosperity of society and the atmosphere in it depend on us. Mutual understanding and mutual respect should reign in the world. Compliance with universal human values ​​can realize the world peace so desired by many!