How to cure heart disease. Heart defects - treatment with folk remedies. Treatment of neurosis, neurasthenia, hysteria
cardiac surgeon
Higher education:
cardiac surgeon
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after A.I. HM. Berbekova, Faculty of Medicine (KBSU)
Level of education - Specialist
Additional education:
Certification cycle for the program "Clinical Cardiology"
Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov
Heart disease, what is it and how dangerous is it? If a person does not know what a particular disease is, he begins to panic, make hasty decisions that can lead to a deterioration in his health. The presence of even shallow, but correct knowledge about the dangers of heart disease in adults or children, will help to make adequate decisions in emerging situations, which will help maintain health and prevent the development of more serious complications.
What is this disease?
In order to understand what heart disease is, it is necessary to understand what function the indicated organ performs in the body, and what structure it has. The heart is one of the main elements of the circulatory system, which ensures the movement of blood. When the heart contracts, blood is pushed through, which first enters the large vessels, and then into the smaller ones.
If there is a violation in the structure of the specified organ, and this can be both before the birth of a person, that is, a congenital defect, and already during life as a complication after an illness, then we can talk about the development of a defect. If the degree of circulatory insufficiency is high, then a person may be given a disability.
If we talk about what constitutes such a heart disease, the defect will be a deviation from the norm, which does not allow for normal blood circulation or does not allow the blood to be normally saturated with oxygen and carbon dioxide. As a result of the development of such a disease, extraneous noises appear in the heart, and all organs and systems of the body begin to suffer to one degree or another.
To understand what this disease is, you need to understand what structure the heart has and how it works. In humans, this organ has 2 parts, one of which pumps arterial and the second venous blood. If everything is normal, and there are no pathologies, then the cardiac septum has no holes, so venous and arterial blood do not mix in the heart cavity.
The circulatory system looks like a vicious circle; in the human body, blood moves in a large and small circle. The large vessels that enter this organ are called veins, and those that leave it are called arteries; during the normal development of the body, they do not intersect with each other, and therefore there is no mixing of blood.
There are valves in the heart, most often the problem is with the mitral valve, less often with the aortic, tricuspid, and very rarely with the pulmonic valve. Usually problems in the operation of the valves are manifested in acquired defects. With a high degree of insufficiency of blood supply, disability can be given.
Types of vices
There is the following, understandable for patients, classification of this pathology:
- congenital and acquired, in this case, changes in the structure of the heart and its vessels, as well as in the position of the indicated organ, occurred before the birth of the child or appeared already in the process of his life, and in both cases, depending on the severity of the disease, can be given disability;
- changes can be single or multiple, therefore, isolated and combined diseases are distinguished;
- with cyanosis, in which case the skin becomes bluish or without cyanosis, then the skin color remains natural. Cyanosis can be general, in such cases usually give a disability, and local, when the ears, fingertips, lips and tip of the nose turn blue.
Congenital malformations are formed in a child in the womb, their qualification will be as follows:
- congenital pathology with an increase in pulmonary blood flow, in this case there may or may not be cyanosis;
- defect with normal pulmonary blood flow;
- pathology with reduced pulmonary blood flow, which may also be with or without cyanosis.
Cells of heart defects - alveolar macrophages - appear during the development of a lung infarction, during a hemorrhage, or when blood stagnation occurs in the pulmonary circulation.
Hemodynamics is disturbed in case of heart defects, which are accompanied by valve insufficiency, stenosis, pathologies of communication between the large and small circles of blood circulation.
birth defects
If he talks about congenital malformations, then most often among them there are problems of the interventricular septum, in this case the blood from the left ventricle enters the right one, and thus the load on the small circle increases. When conducting an x-ray, such a pathology looks like a ball, which is associated with an increase in the muscle wall.
If such a hole is small, then the operation is not required. If the hole is large, then such a defect is sutured, after which patients live normally until old age, disability in such cases is usually not given.
If the septal defect is large, or if there is no septal defect at all, this leads to mixing of the blood and poor oxygenation. In such patients, the hump of the heart is visible during x-rays, noises are heard to reduce shortness of breath, they often squat. If the operation is not done in time, then such people rarely live to be 25-30 years old.
There may be a congenital pathology in the form of an open oval hole, if it is small, then such people practically do not feel discomfort and live normally. If the defect is large, then the person suffers from shortness of breath.
If a combined pathology develops, along with the hole, a narrowing of the mitral or aortic valves appears, which causes pallor of the skin and shortness of breath, extraneous noises are heard.
If such a heart disease develops, the operation is performed with serious defects, if the defect is isolated, then the prognosis of its treatment will be positive, if it is combined, then it all depends on the degree of circulatory disturbance.
If after birth the baby has a message between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, then this pathology is called ductus arteriosus occlusion. In this case, the load on the pulmonary circulation also increases, shortness of breath and cyanosis appear.
If the size of the defect is small, then such a pathology may not make itself felt and does not pose a danger to the patient's life. If the defect is large, then the operation is inevitable, and the prognosis is mostly negative.
With narrowing of the aorta, blood does not flow normally down, which leads to the appearance of additional vessels. In this case, the symptoms of heart disease will be in the form of numbness in the legs, heaviness in the head and burning in the face, in the hands the pulse will be increased, and in the legs it will be weakened, the same applies to blood pressure.
Treatment is carried out by performing an operation, during which the narrowed section of the aorta is changed, after which people return to normal life, and they are not threatened with disability.
The most severe and most frequent congenital defect is Fallot's tetrad, its symptoms will be in the form of cyanosis, which appears even with small loads, extraneous noises are heard. There are disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, there are slowdowns in growth and development. If the case is not very severe, then an operation is performed, in difficult cases the prognosis will be unfavorable, and such children do not live long.
Narrowing of the orifice of the pulmonary artery is usually due to abnormal development of the valvular ring, in some cases causes of heart disease that lead to narrowing of the pulmonary artery, and sometimes the presence of a tumor or aortic aneurysm can lead to such a pathology.
Such children have a cyanotic complexion, they lag behind in development, noises are heard, in this case only an operation can help, the prognosis will depend on the severity of the disease.
Congenital malformations of the heart in most cases can be successfully treated both in childhood and in adults. Do not be afraid of the operation, and its result will depend on the severity of the disease and how timely it will be done. Modern surgeons have a high level of qualification and use modern equipment, which ensures a high level of achievement of positive results.
Acquired vices
From the moment of the birth of the child and the formation of problems in the development of the heart and large vessels, he is healthy. The main reason that leads to the development of an acquired defect is rheumatism and other diseases of the specified organ, large vessels that depart from it.
If there is a change in the valves, then this causes the development of stenosis and the formation of valve insufficiency. Depending on how the blood flow is disturbed, compensated and decompensated acquired defects are distinguished.
Mitral valve insufficiency is associated with incomplete closure of its valves, which develops as a result of inflammation. There is a reverse reflux of blood into the left atrium, which after a while leads to insufficiency of blood flow in a small circle, after which venous blood stagnates in a large circle, and congestive insufficiency develops.
In this case, if you put your hand on your chest, you feel a trembling of the chest, lips, nose, ears and fingers become bluish in color, a pinkish-blue blush appears on the cheeks, these symptoms occur with a decompensated defect, if a compensated defect develops, then they will not be .
If the disease is in the stage of compensation, then people may not be aware of its presence, in severe cases a valve replacement is required, and if this is done on time, the prognosis will be positive.
Mitral stenosis is diagnosed 2 times more often in women than in men. Usually this pathology is combined with problems of the tricuspid valve and the aortic valve.
In this case, bubbling breathing in the lungs will be noted, pink foam may be released from the mouth, and general cyanosis is noted. If such symptoms appear, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor, and before his arrival, a person must be planted, and if there is a diuretic in ampoules, then the drug should be injected intramuscularly, this will reduce the volume of fluid, which will reduce pressure in the small circle and relieve swelling.
If such a problem is not solved, then gas exchange in the lungs decreases over time. If the narrowing is small, then the patient lives with minimal discomfort, but if the diameter of the hole becomes less than 1.5 cm², then an operation is necessary.
In men, such a pathology as aortic valve insufficiency develops more often, and in half of the cases it is combined with mitral defects. This pathology leads to the development of stagnation of blood in the small circle and the development of hypertrophy of the muscle walls.
With the development of a decompensated defect, the lower pressure can drop to almost zero, the person is dizzy, the skin becomes pale. If the defect is compensated, then preventive treatment is carried out, if necessary, an artificial valve is sewn in.
If the exit of blood from the left ventricle is difficult, then stenosis of the aortic mouth develops, the smaller this hole is, the more pronounced the defect will be.
The patient has dizziness, pallor of the skin, pain in the heart. If severe circulatory insufficiency is not detected, then general strengthening therapy is carried out, physical activity is reduced, and the person lives normally. In case of serious violations, the valve is replaced or its leaflets are dissected.
With the development of combined aortic malformation, the signs will be the same as with stenosis, but less noticeable. Preventive and symptomatic therapy is carried out. If the case is severe, then during the operation the aortic valve is changed or the fused leaflets are dissected. If the treatment is carried out on time, then the prognosis will be positive.
With the development of tricuspid valve insufficiency, there will be an increased pulsation of the veins in the neck, cyanosis and a decrease in blood pressure. If a severe case develops, then swelling and accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity are noted, conservative therapy is carried out, which is aimed at eliminating blood stasis in the veins.
Stenosis of the right atrioventricular opening leads to stagnation of blood in the liver, which leads to an increase in its size, edema and ascites appear, cyanosis will be with a yellowish tint, pain and heaviness appear in the right hypochondrium, blood pressure decreases, veins in the neck pulsate intensely.
It is not worth delaying the operation, and with moderate exertion, a person will feel fine.
Carrying out prevention
If heart defects develop, prevention and rehabilitation measures include a system of exercises that increase the level of the functional state of the body.
The system of recreational physical education is aimed at raising the level of the patient's physical condition to safe values. It is prescribed for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Depending on the age and development of the patient, the doctor selects the method of training and load. During training, cyclic aerobic exercises are performed, which can increase the overall endurance of the body. Aerobic-anaerobic exercises are prescribed, which develop speed endurance and acyclic exercises, aimed at developing strength endurance.
The treatment of such patients cannot be carried out without endurance training, but the exercises are carried out with a gradual increase in load and an increase in its duration. After a person undergoes rehabilitation in a specialized institution, he needs to do health-improving gymnastics at home, which will ensure the normal functioning of his body.
Summarizing
Usually acquired defects are rheumatic, their treatment is to eliminate the underlying disease and reduce the consequences that have arisen after the development of the defect. If serious circulatory decompensation has occurred, then in such situations, an operation is a prerequisite.
A much greater chance of successful treatment of such pathologies will be with timely seeking medical help. It is not necessary to wait until you have signs of the development of the disease, it is recommended to periodically undergo preventive examinations with a doctor and then it will be possible to identify the development of the disease at its initial stage. This allows for effective treatment, and the consequences of the disease will not be dangerous.
Heart disease is a malfunction of the heart valves, heart septum and myocardium, which causes a change in the work of pumping blood. With such a violation of the normal functioning of the heart, such deviations contribute to the appearance of stagnation in various tissues and veins, and can lead to hypoxia.
Defects of large vessels can be considered a certain pathology in cardiac activity. However, not all researchers share this view.
Before proceeding with the treatment of this serious disease, it is necessary to determine the type of defect, the causes of its occurrence, and also to predict the occurrence of possible complications.
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Pathology can be congenital or acquired.
Defect location
With acquired heart disease, problems may arise:
| With damage to the membranes of the heart (myocardium, epicardium or endocardium) |
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| With pathologies of the valvular apparatus |
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| As a result of changes in the size of the holes between the chambers of the heart that pump blood | It can be , . |
In newborns, changes in the structure of the heart are detected:
- one of the ventricles may not be fully developed (hypoplasia);
- defects in the septum between the ventricles;
- change in the localization of the main cardiac outlet vessels;
- cleft of the botallian ductus arteriosus is diagnosed;
- revealed narrowing of the pulmonary artery or isthmus of the aorta.
Kinds
Experts distinguish 3 main types of heart disease:
Scientists claim the existence of about a hundred different types of this disease. At birth, children are examined by a neonatologist, who can detect the presence of one or another developmental pathology.
Modern medicine offers a variety of methods. Among the most used are ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the method of angiography.
Correct diagnosis of the type of heart disease is necessary for the appointment of the correct treatment. The cardiologist must also obtain information about the degree of changes in the adaptive mechanisms of the heart. So, in case of minor violations and the absence of changes in the blood supply to all organs and tissues, conservative treatment will be prescribed.
Congenital malformations usually appear already at the embryonic stage during the formation of all organs
Factors affecting the therapy of the defect
If heart disease is an acquired disease, then it is necessary to carry out preventive measures in relation to its underlying causes.
What should be done:
Decompensation of the work of the heart occurs with shifts in the activity of structures. In the event that the heart valves are not closed to the right extent, congestion in the vessels may occur. Since the blood may partially return during the transition from one area of the heart to another, the chamber of the heart overflows with excess blood and it stagnates in the adducting vessels.
The narrowing of the hole can also cause certain problems in the heart.
Blood cannot pass completely through such a narrow opening. Its accumulation can lead to hypertrophy (expansion). A stretched heart muscle loses its efficiency.
The myocardium can no longer move the right amount of blood, resulting in heart failure, manifested in the form of oxygen starvation.
A conservative method of treating such a disease involves maintaining the balance of myocardial energy and combating insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues.
Methods for the treatment of heart disease
Acquired
Most often caused by endocarditis and includes several varieties. For the treatment of such heart defects, special drugs are used, which are determined depending on the type and nature of the course of the disease.
| mitral stenosis | This is one of the most common acquired heart defects. Most often it occurs in women. Treatment consists of:
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| Mitral insufficiency | Typical for men. In severe forms, it is extremely rare. It is mainly manifested as a result of rheumatism and occurs in combination with mitral stenosis. Carry out the following treatment:
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It is most often diagnosed in young women who may not have health problems. Principles of treatment:
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| aortic stenosis | Most often occurs together with mitral heart disease and has a rheumatic character. It occurs mainly in men. The therapy is as follows:
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| Aortic insufficiency | Men are more likely to suffer from this disease. It occurs mainly due to endocarditis of an infectious nature. To cope with the disease, you can use the following recommendations:
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It is associated with large changes in the size of the right ventricle. It is often relative. Recommended treatment:
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congenital
Conservative methods are not effective in congenital pathologies. The goal of treatment is to help the patient and prevent heart failure attacks. Only the doctor determines which pills to drink for heart disease.
The following drugs are usually indicated:
- cardiac glycosides;
- diuretics;
- vitamins D, C, E are used to support immunity and antioxidant effect;
- preparations of potassium and magnesium;
- anabolic hormonal agents;
- in the event of acute attacks, oxygen inhalations are carried out;
- in some cases, antiarrhythmic drugs;
- in some cases, drugs may be prescribed to reduce blood clotting.
Conservative treatment is carried out in the period of preparation for surgery and after it. Patients are advised to undergo treatment every year in special sanatoriums and centers with a cardiological hospital.
It is important to follow the diet, determine your diet according to the doctor's recommendations. Avoid excessive physical activity. For the prevention of oxygen starvation, special cocktails, baths and inhalations are recommended.
Hiking in the forest will help restore breathing and supply the body with phytoncides
The need for surgery
If a child has been diagnosed with heart disease since birth, then his condition should be under constant medical supervision. The body itself cannot cope with such a pathology.
According to studies, cases of congenital malformations in adults are very rare. More than half of these cases are children under 14 years of age. More than 70% of these babies can die in the first year of their life without the necessary surgical intervention.
The timing of the operation is set depending on the severity of the disease. If the patient's condition allows, then surgical treatment can be carried out sleepily at an older age. In this case, the child will already have a fairly developed immunity, which will help the body cope with possible consequences.
In addition, the state of circulation of the pulmonary circulation can affect the time of the operation. Experts note certain phases when the child's body is most ready for surgery.
At the stage of irreversible changes, the internal organs are depleted, and serious complications may occur.
Types of intervention
The type of surgical treatment is prescribed by a specialist who is guided by the severity of the disease and the type of heart disease. To date, there are various specialized centers. Modern equipment makes it possible to perform surgery on a stopped heart, which is connected to artificial circulation.
- if there is a pathology of the opening of the arterial duct, then they tie up and cross the unnecessary vessel;
- when the vessels are narrowed, they are expanded or the narrow part is removed;
- tissue plastic is used for pathologies of the septum between the ventricles or atria;
- with changes in the location of the outlet arteries, the vessels are moved;
- when valves are stenosed, they are expanded and a special ring is installed that will prevent fusion;
- the defects associated with the valves are eliminated by the installation of artificial components.
These valves are of two types:
Combined heart defects become the basis for repeated operations, the interval between which can be no more than a year.
Postoperative period
After surgery, the patient is in the intensive care unit under constant supervision.
Analgesics are used to block pain. The oxygen mask is connected. Through droppers, the patient receives nutrient solutions and vitamins, as well as antibacterial drugs to prevent complications.
Subsequently, the specialist determines the patient's diet, and also recommends breathing exercises.
If an artificial valve was implanted during the operation, then anticoagulants are immediately used. Among them are Fenilin, Warfarin. The dosage is established after the necessary studies of the indicators of the prothrombin index.
This indicator must be monitored at least once a month and after discharge from the hospital.
All foods containing vitamin K are excluded from the diet, as it is able to suppress the action of anticoagulants.
The use of cabbage, cheese is contraindicated. Coffee, spinach and lettuce. Also green tea.
You should be very careful about physical activity and do not do hard work for at least three months. It is also allowed to drive a car not earlier than this period.
Women planning the birth of a child should be under the constant supervision of a gynecologist and a cardiac surgeon.
Folk remedies
Traditional medicine offers some alternative treatments:
| drops from lily of the valley | Fresh flowers of the plant are poured with 96% alcohol. After they are infused for 2 weeks, the solution is filtered and consumed 15 drops 3 times a day. |
| Potato | Practice a diet based on this vegetable. You can eat up to 1 kilogram per day in small portions 6 times a day. Use only boiled and unsalted potatoes. |
| Peppermint | From a teaspoon of dry leaves and 300 ml of boiling water, an infusion should be prepared, which should stand during the day. Then drink the filtered liquid in a glass up to 3 times a day on an empty stomach. It is not recommended to take long breaks. |
| beetroot juice | In combination with honey 2:1, it helps to support cardiac activity. |
| Grape juice | In its pure form, it is effective in heart disease, especially for the elderly. It is consumed in the morning an hour before meals. |
When diagnosing any type of heart disease, it is important to consult a doctor in time, who will determine further treatment. Timely assistance increases the chances of recovery.
The unknown is always, at least, alarming or they begin to be afraid of him, and fear paralyzes a person. On a negative wave, wrong and hasty decisions are made, their consequences worsen the situation. Then again fear and - again wrong decisions. In medicine, such a "loopback" situation is called circulus mortum, a vicious circle. How to get out of it? Let shallow, but true knowledge of the basics of the problem, help to solve it adequately and on time.
What is a heart defect?
Each organ of our body is designed to function rationally in the system for which it is intended. The heart belongs to circulatory system, helps the movement of blood and its saturation with oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Filling and contracting, it "pushes" the blood further, into large, and then small vessels. If the usual (normal) structure of the heart and its large vessels is broken - either before birth, or after birth as a complication of the disease, then we can talk about a defect. That is, a heart disease is a deviation from the norm that interferes with the movement of blood, or changes its filling with oxygen and carbon dioxide. Of course, as a result, problems arise for the whole organism, more or less pronounced and of varying degrees of danger.
A little about the physiology of blood circulation
The human heart, like all mammals, is divided into two parts by a dense partition. The left one pumps arterial blood, it is bright red in color and rich in oxygen. The right one - venous blood, it is darker and saturated with carbon dioxide. Normally, the septum (it is called interventricular) has no holes, and the blood in the cavities of the heart ( atrium And ventricles) does not mix.
Venous blood from the whole body enters the right atrium and ventricle, then to the lungs, where it releases CO2 and receives O2. There she turns into arterial, passes the left atrium and ventricle, reaches the organs through the vascular system, gives them oxygen and takes carbon dioxide, turning into venous. Then - again to the right side of the heart and so on.
The circulatory system is closed, so it is called " circle of blood circulation". There are two such circles, both involve the heart. The circle "right ventricle - lungs - left atrium" is called small, or pulmonary: in the lungs, venous blood becomes arterial and is transmitted further. The circle "left ventricle - organs - right atrium" is called big, passing along its route, the blood from arterial again turns into venous.
functional left atrium And ventricle experience a high load, because the large circle is “longer” than the small one. Therefore, on the left, the normal muscular wall of the heart is always somewhat thicker than on the right. The large vessels that enter the heart are called veins. Outgoing - arteries. Normally, they do not communicate with each other at all, isolating the flows of venous and arterial blood.
valves hearts are located between atria And ventricles, and at the border of the entrance and exit of large vessels. The most common problems are with mitral valve (bicuspid, between the left atrium and ventricle), in second place - aortic(at the exit of the aorta from the left ventricle), then tricuspid(tricuspid, between the right atrium and ventricle), and in "outsiders" - pulmonary valve, at its exit from the right ventricle. The valves are mainly involved in the manifestations of acquired heart defects.
Video: principles of blood circulation and heart function
What are heart defects?
Let's consider the classification adapted for patients according to the presentation.
- Congenital and acquired - changes in the normal building And position heart and his large vessels appeared either before or after birth.
- Isolated and combined - changes are either single or multiple.
- C (so-called "blue") - the skin changes its normal color to a bluish tint, or without cyanosis. Distinguish cyanosis generalized(common) and acrocyanosis(fingers and toes, lips and tip of the nose, ears).
I. Congenital heart disease (CHD)
Violations in the anatomical structure of the child's heart are formed more in utero(during pregnancy), but appear only after birth. To get a more complete picture of the problem - see pictures of heart defects.
For convenience, they were classified based on the blood flow through the lungs, that is small circle.
- CHD with an increase in pulmonary blood flow - with cyanosis and without it;
- CHD with normal pulmonary blood flow;
- CHD with reduced blood flow through the lungs - with cyanosis and without it.
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Depending on the degree of defect and disturbance of blood flow, the concepts compensated(due to thickening of the walls of the heart and increased contractions, the blood passes in normal volumes) and decompensated(the heart enlarges too much, muscle fibers do not receive the necessary nutrition, the strength of contractions decreases) of acquired defects.
mitral valve insufficiency
The work of healthy (top) and affected (bottom) valves
Incomplete closure of the valves is the result of their inflammation and consequences in the form sclerosis(replacement of "working" elastic tissues with rigid connective fibers). Blood on contraction left ventricle thrown in the opposite direction left atrium. As a result, a greater force of contractions is needed to “return” the blood flow to the side. aorta, And hypertrophied(thickens) the whole left side of the heart. Gradually develops failure in a small circle, and then - a violation of the outflow venous blood from the systemic circulation, the so-called.
Signs: mitral blush(pinkish-blue color of lips and cheeks). Trembling of the chest, felt even by hand - it is called cat's purr, And acrocyanosis(bluish hue of the hands and toes, nose, ears and lips). Such picturesque symptoms are possible only when decompensated vice, and compensated they don't happen.
Treatment and prognosis: in advanced cases, for prevention , required . Patients live a long time, many are not even aware of the disease if it is in compensation stages. It is important to treat all inflammatory diseases in time.
figure: mitral valve replacement
Mitral stenosis (narrowing of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle)
Signs: if vice decompensated, when measuring blood pressure lower digit ( diastolic pressure) can drop to almost zero. Patients complain of dizziness, if the position of the body changes rapidly (lay down - got up), asthma attacks at night. The skin is pale, the pulsation of the arteries in the neck is visible ( dance carotid) and shaking the head. Pupils eye and capillaries under the nails (visible when pressing on nail plate) also pulsate.
Treatment: prophylactic - compensated vice, radical - artificial aortic valve.
Forecast: isolated vice in about 30% they are found by chance, during a routine examination. If defect valve small and not pronounced, people do not even suspect about the vice and live a full life.
Consequences of aortic disease - heart failure, stagnation of blood in the ventricle
Aortic stenosis, isolated defect
Difficulty in getting blood out of left ventricle V aorta: more effort is required for this, and the muscular walls of the heart thicken. The less aortic orifice, the more pronounced hypertrophy left ventricle.
Signs: associated with a decrease in income arterial blood to the brain and other organs. Paleness, dizziness and fainting heart hump(if the defect developed in childhood), attacks of pain in the heart ().
Treatment: we reduce physical activity, we carry out general strengthening treatment - if there is no pronounced circulatory failure. In severe cases, only surgery, valve replacement or dissection of its leaflets ( commissurotomy).
Combined aortic defect
Two in one: failure valves+ constriction aortic mouth. Such aortic defect heart is much more common than isolated. Signs are the same as for aortic stenosis, only less noticeable. In severe cases, stagnation begins in small circle, accompanied by cardiac asthma And pulmonary edema.
Treatment: symptomatic and prophylactic - in mild cases, in severe cases - surgery, replacement aortic valve or dissection of its "fused" valves. The prognosis for life is favorable, with adequate and timely treatment.
Video: causes, diagnosis and treatment of aortic stenosis
Tricuspid (tricuspid) valve insufficiency
Due to loose closure valve, blood from right ventricle thrown back into right atrium. His ability compensate for a vice low, so it starts quickly congestion of venous blood V big circle.
Signs: cyanosis, veins necks full and throbbing, arterial pressure slightly lowered. In severe cases, swelling and ascites(accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity). Treatment is conservative, mainly to eliminate venous congestion. Forecast - depending on the severity of the condition.
Stenosis of the right atrioventricular (between the right atrium and ventricle) orifice
Difficulty draining blood from right atrium V right ventricle. venous congestion rapidly spreading to liver, it increases, then develops cardiac fibrosis of the liver- active tissue is replaced connective(scar). Appears ascites, are common edema.
Signs: pain and a feeling of heaviness hypochondrium on right, cyanosis with a yellow tint, always - ripple neck veins. Arterial pressure reduced; liver enlarged, pulsating.
Treatment: aimed at reducing edema, but it is better not to delay the operation.
Forecast: normal health is possible with moderate physical. activity. If appeared and cyanosis– quickly to the cardiosurgeon.
Summary: acquired- mostly rheumatic heart defects. Their treatment is aimed both at the underlying disease and at reducing the consequences of the defect. In case of severe circulatory decompensation, only surgery is effective.
Important! Treatment for heart defects may have a better chance of success if people get to the doctor on time. Moreover, malaise, as the reason for going to the doctor, is not at all necessary: you can simply ask for advice and, if necessary, undergo elementary examinations. A smart doctor does not allow his patients to get sick. An important note: the age of the doctor does not really matter. Really important are his professional level, ability to analyze and synthesize, intuition.
One of the presenters will answer your question.
At the moment, answers questions: A. Olesya Valerievna, candidate of medical sciences, teacher of a medical university
Heart disease is called a rather serious disease, caused by a violation of the heart, its rhythm and frequency, therefore, in the presence of this disease, the heart experiences very strong stress. It can be congenital and acquired.
Causes of heart disease
We have not yet figured out exactly why this disease manifests itself and occurs and what affects it. But based on the fact that it can be either congenital or acquired, there are certain factors that affect the manifestations of the disease and are the causes.
Causes of congenital heart disease:
1. Radiation, radiation of the mother, during pregnancy.2. Taking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy.
3. Smoking, drug use during pregnancy.
4. Malnutrition of the mother, due to which the child did not receive the necessary vitamins for proper development.
5. Edema.
Reasons for acquired heart disease:
- Heart failure.Other heart diseases.
Atherosclerosis.
Various connective tissue injuries.
The presence of rheumatism.
Edema.
Heart disease symptoms:
- Shortness of breath.Blueness of the skin, especially of the face and limbs.
Pain in the region of the heart.
Headache and dizziness.
Developmental retardation: physical and psychological.
Types of heart disease
It is divided into congenital and acquired. And they, in turn, are also divided into subspecies.
Types of congenital heart disease: valvular, violation (defect) in the partitions, violation (defect) of large vessels.
Types of acquired heart disease: violation of the bicuspid valve and left cardioventricular orifice, violation of the aortic valve.
Treatment of heart disease
Basically, this disease is treated in an operative way, and after that the patient lives a full life. The operation is performed on a stopped heart, so its implementation requires great knowledge and caution from a cardiologist. Also, in the treatment of heart disease, physical activity is used, which is prescribed by a cardiologist, as well as proper nutrition and bed rest.
Complications of heart disease
Complications can be with any type of heart disease. The consequences are quite severe and leave a big imprint on the general health of the patient. Serious consequences can be:
- Severe swelling, which may cause suffocation.Pulmonary edema.
Heart failure.
Various heart diseases.
Developmental delay.
Prevention of heart disease:
It is impossible to get rid of heart disease by taking preventive measures, but it is possible to prevent its occurrence and prevent it from progressing. To do this, you must follow the doctor's recommendations, take medications, undergo regular examinations, do ultrasounds and monitor your diet. But it is also important that the patient himself monitors his health, does not overwork, and does not have any bad habits, so as not to provoke complications. If you consult a doctor in time, if any symptoms occur, you can recover from heart disease much faster and easier.
Heart disease is considered to be an organic lesion of the heart valves, septum, myocardium, which leads to a persistent disruption of the work of pumping the mass of blood. With decompensation, these changes cause stagnation in the veins, tissues, organs, a sharp oxygen depletion (hypoxia).
Defects of large vessels (for example, stenosis of the isthmus of the aorta, non-closure of the ductus botalis, and others) are also referred to cardiac pathology, although some scientists believe that there are no sufficient grounds for this.
The problem of how to treat heart disease is always associated with determining the type of defect, its main cause, the degree of compensatory capabilities of the myocardium, the presence and prognosis of complications.
There is a division of diseases into 2 large groups of pathology:
acquired, congenital.
Defects have different causes. Acquired ones form over the years and are diagnosed closer to adolescence and adult life, while congenital ones are detected in newborns (6–8 cases per 1000). The mechanism of damage to the heart is the same.
What is damaged in the heart with a defect?
Most often among the acquired defects are found:
Damage to the valvular apparatus (cusps and structures involved in the closure of the chambers of the heart), with rheumatism, mitral and tricuspid defects are formed in young people 10–30 years old, with syphilis, aortic valve insufficiency upon reaching 40 years of age and older, in the case of severe atherosclerosis, defects develop in individuals in the elderly and senile age. Narrowing or expansion of the holes between the chambers of the heart through which blood flows (mitral stenosis, narrowing of the aortic orifice, narrowing of the right atrioventricular orifice). Pathology of the heart membranes (epicardium, myocardium and endocardium) against the background of severe inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatism, sepsis, severe forms of childhood infections lead to the participation of the heart wall in the formation of the defect.
With congenital malformations, pathology is formed during the laying of organs in the embryonic period. As a result, the newborn is determined by the disturbed structure of the heart:
defects of the interventricular septum, open foramen ovale; non-closure of the ductus arteriosus remains; stenosis of the isthmus of the aorta or pulmonary artery is formed; the localization of the main outlet vessels changes sharply; underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of one of the ventricles.
How to determine the type of defect?
It is customary to classify defects into 3 types:
simple - one of the valves or the hole is damaged; complex - there is a combination of narrowing or expansion of the holes with valvular changes; combined - multiple structural disorders, most typical of congenital malformations.
The number of varieties of heart defects exceeds a hundred. For early diagnosis, all newborns are examined by a neonatologist; ultrasound methods, magnetic resonance and computed tomography, and angiography are used at the modern level.
Determining the type of defect is important for choosing a treatment method. In addition, the cardiologist needs to know how disturbed the compensatory adaptive mechanisms of the patient's heart are. If the violation of the structure is mild and does not lead to a failure of the blood supply to organs and tissues (for example, with an atrial septal defect), then the patient is observed and treated conservatively.
What affects the decompensation of the defect?
In the case of acquired defects, it is impossible to cure heart pathology without preventive measures in relation to the underlying causes. The following is required:
prevention of rheumatic attacks, since each time the defect increases; treatment of infectious complications after acute diseases, injuries, tonsillitis; treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis in adults suffering from these diseases; complete cure of syphilis before deregistration by a venereologist.
The development of decompensation of cardiac activity is determined by the disruption of the structures. Due to insufficient closure of the valves, the blood that came out during systole from one part of the heart to another or to the vessels partially returns. Together with the next portion, it overflows the chamber and causes congestion in the adductor vessels.
When the hole narrows, similar difficulties are created for the work of the heart: through the narrowed hole, the blood passes with difficulty to the next section and accumulates with the portion received during diastole, causing expansion, hypertrophy. After a certain time, the performance of the stretched heart muscle is lost. Myocardial cells do not have enough energy to push the necessary volume of blood. This is how oxygen starvation caused by heart failure begins to manifest itself.
The task of conservative treatment is to support the energy balance of the myocardium, to combat tissue hypoxia.
What is used to treat heart disease?
Acquired defects require the appointment of special drugs depending on the specific disease: antibiotics, steroid hormones, antihypertensives.
It is impossible to correct the organic pathology and the disturbed structure of the heart using conservative methods. Treatment is limited to helping and preventing attacks of acute heart failure.
Drugs are used:
groups of cardiac glycosides; diuretics; containing potassium and magnesium; anabolic hormonal agents; vitamins of groups B, C, E to provide antioxidant activity and support immunity; if necessary, antiarrhythmic drugs are prescribed; during an attack, oxygen inhalations are necessary; according to indications, drugs that reduce clotting are prescribed blood.
Balneological treatment with oxygen baths is used in sanatorium conditions
Conservative therapy is indicated in the period of preparation for a planned operation and in the postoperative period. Patients are recommended annual treatment in a specialized center, cardiological hospital, sanatorium.
Here attention is necessarily paid to the regime, feasible physical activity, dietary nutrition. To prevent hypoxia, oxygen baths, cocktails, inhalations are prescribed. Walks in the coniferous forest help to improve breathing, provide the patient with phytoncides.
Why is an operation needed?
If an adult is responsible for his own health, the consequences of refusing the proposed type of treatment, then parents and close relatives should worry about children. Observation by a cardiologist with annual monitoring of the development of a defect in a growing baby is an important constant duty of the mother and father.
Do not hope that "everything will pass by itself." Statistics show rather disappointing information: there are very few birth defects among the adult population, because 60% are in children under 14 years of age. Of these, without timely surgical treatment, up to 70% die in the first year of life.
Identification of life-threatening malformations requires urgent surgical treatment in infancy
Depending on the severity of the course of the defect, the operation may be delayed until an older age, when the baby will develop sufficient immunity and readiness to deal with the consequences of surgical intervention.
In cardiac surgery, the phases of primary adaptation and compensation are distinguished, when the child's condition is stable and most suitable for surgery. In addition, the timing is determined by the state of blood circulation in the small circle (pulmonary).
The phase of irreversible changes (terminal) is expressed in dystrophy of internal organs and the heart, the addition of severe complications.
What complications are possible if the operation is refused?
Possible complications concern the heart itself and the organs most interested in sufficient blood supply - the lungs and the brain.
From the side of the heart are observed:
attacks of heart failure; various arrhythmias and conduction disorders; septic endocarditis; continuously sluggish rheumatic heart disease.
Respiratory organs react:
frequent colds; chronic bronchitis; prolonged cases of pneumonia.
In the central nervous system there are:
circulatory disorders with areas of ischemia or hemorrhages in the cerebral cortex; abscesses in the brain tissues; thromboembolism.
Types of surgical interventions
A specific operation is chosen by a cardiac surgeon depending on the type of defect and the degree of defects in the heart chambers and large vessels. At present, cardiological centers have been organized with special equipment that allows operating a stopped heart with connection to artificial circulation, using hypothermia (lowering body temperature).
With an open arterial (bothallic) duct, ligation and crossing of an unnecessary vessel is performed. A ventricular or atrial septal defect requires suturing, septal tissue plastics with a “patch” applied to completely stop communication between the atria or ventricles. Narrowed vessels, if possible, expand with stents or remove a narrow section ( with stenosis of the aortic mouth). If the position of the outlet arteries is violated, it is necessary to correct the localization with the movement of the vessels. Valve defects are eliminated by installing artificial analogs or a homotransplant. When stenosis of the valves and the atrioventricular orifice, commissurotomy is performed, expansion with the installation of a ring to prevent re-union. 
The surgeon literally holds the patient's heart in the palms
Ideal valves do not yet exist. They are divided into 2 types:
mechanical - made of metal, synthetic fabrics, single or double-leaf, designed for up to 50 years, require constant intake of anticoagulants; biological - made from human or pig tissue, after 12 years they may lose elasticity and require replacement. Indicated in the elderly and when it is impossible to take anticoagulants.
If artificial valves were used, then the patient must take medications that help thin the blood for the rest of his life. When using homotransplants, cytostatics are needed to prevent tissue rejection.
Complex, combined defects may require repeated interventions with intervals from several months to a year.
Treatment in the postoperative period
In the intensive care unit, hemodynamic monitoring is carried out after surgery. The patient is connected to a continuous monitor and the heart rate, blood pressure, respiration are monitored.
Analgesics are administered for pain relief. An oxygen mask is required for breathing. A nutrient solution, vitamins, antibacterial drugs are injected into the subclavian catheter to prevent pneumonia.
For interventions on the valves, the sutures are removed after 7-10 days
When installing a mechanical type of an artificial valve, indirect anticoagulants (Fenilin, Warfarin) are prescribed from the first days. The dosage is selected based on the results of determining the prothrombin index. It is supported at the level of 35-45%.
After discharge from the hospital, prothrombin will have to be checked at least once a month. In addition, foods rich in vitamin K should be excluded from food, as it increases clotting and reduces the effect of anticoagulants.
These products include:
green tea, cabbage (especially broccoli), spinach, legumes, cheese, coffee, lettuce.
How is physical activity restored?
The recovery period for different operations is 3-6 months, depending on the condition of the heart before the intervention. During the first 3 months, the bone tissue of the sternum grows together, so it is not recommended to lift weights of more than 5 kg, pull heavy objects with your hand or push with your shoulder.
You can do light work around the house. It is recommended to start driving a car 3 months after the operation.
Women who want to have a baby should notify their doctor. The fact is that regular intake of anticoagulants can provoke uterine bleeding. This causes a threat to the mother, contributes to miscarriage. The resulting pregnancy is observed simultaneously by a gynecologist and a cardiac surgeon. Delivery is by operation only.
Forecast
Repeated attacks of rheumatism in childhood and adolescence significantly worsen the prognosis for the patient's life.
Untreated angina causes rheumatism
With a delay in surgical treatment, the child becomes disabled at an early age. Fast games are inaccessible to him, it is impossible to study hard.
Against the background of the success of cardiac surgery, postoperative mortality is still up to 3% with ligation of the ductus arteriosus. A successful operation allows the patient to fully live and work.
After radical complex interventions in the stage of decompensation, it is not possible to save up to 30% of patients. Therefore, the timing of surgical treatment is so significant.
Parents should think about the health of future children in advance. Factors such as alcohol intake, smoking, infectious diseases suffered by the expectant mother in the early stages of pregnancy significantly affect the proper development of the fetus.
In childhood, a child must certainly be protected from colds, dressed according to the season, and to cure sore throats. Strengthening the immune system helps to overcome possible diseases.
Congenital heart disease is a heart defect of congenital origin. Basically, this pathology affects the septa of the heart, affects the artery, which delivers venous blood to the lungs or one of the main vessels of the arterial system - the aorta, and the ductus botulinum (OAP) does not grow. With congenital heart disease, the movement of blood in the systemic circulation (BCC) and the small one (ICC) is disturbed.
Heart defects is a term that combines certain heart diseases, the main preference of which is a change in the anatomical structure of the heart valve apparatus or its largest vessels, as well as non-union of the partitions between the atria or ventricles of the heart.
congenital heart disease causes
The main causes of congenital heart disease are chromosomal abnormalities - this is almost 5%; gene mutation (2–3%); various factors, such as alcoholism and drug addiction of parents; infectious diseases transferred in the first third of pregnancy (rubella, hepatitis), taking medications (1-2%), as well as hereditary predisposition (90%).
With various distortions of chromosomes, their mutations appear in quantitative and structural form. If aberrations of chromosomes of large or medium size occur, then this is mainly fatal. But when distortions occur with compatibility for life, then it is then that various types of congenital diseases appear. When a third chromosome appears in the chromosome set, then defects occur between the leaflets of the valves of the atrial and ventricular septa or their combination.
Congenital heart defects with changes in the sex chromosomes are much less common than with trisomy of autosomes.
Mutations in one gene lead not only to congenital heart disease, but also to the development of anomalies in other organs. Malformations of CCC (cardiovascular system) are associated with a syndrome of autosomal dominant type and autosomal recessive. These syndromes are characterized by a pattern of damage to the system in mild or severe severity.
The formation of congenital heart disease can be facilitated by various environmental factors that damage the cardiovascular system. Among them are the X-rays that a woman could receive during the first half of pregnancy; radiation by ionized particles; certain types of drugs; infectious diseases and viral infections; alcohol, drugs, etc. Therefore, heart defects that have formed under the influence of these factors are called embryopathies.
Under the influence of alcohol, VSD (ventricular septal defect), PDA (open ductus arteriosus), and atrial septal pathology are most often formed. For example, anticonvulsants lead to the development of stenosis of the pulmonary artery and aorta, coartation of the aorta, PDA.
Ethyl alcohol is in the first place among the toxic substances, which contributes to the appearance of congenital heart defects. A child born under the influence of alcohol will have fetal alcohol syndrome. Mothers who suffer from alcoholism give life to almost 40% of children with congenital heart disease. Alcohol is especially dangerous in the first third of pregnancy - this is one of the most critical periods in fetal development.
Very dangerous for the unborn child is the fact that a pregnant woman has had rubella. This disease causes a number of pathologies. And congenital heart disease is no exception. The incidence of congenital heart disease after rubella ranges from 1 to 2.4%. Among the heart defects, the most common in practice are distinguished: PDA, VKA, tetralogy of Fallot, VSD, pulmonary artery stenosis.
Experimental data suggest that almost all congenital heart defects basically have a genetic origin, which is consistent with multifactorial inheritance. Of course, there is genetic heterozygosity and some forms of CHD are associated with mutations in a single gene.
In addition to etiological factors, the causes of congenital heart disease, there is also a risk group, which includes older women; having disorders of the endocrine system; with toxicosis of the first three months of pregnancy; who have a history of stillborn children, as well as existing children with congenital heart disease.
Congenital heart disease symptoms
The clinical picture of congenital heart disease is characterized by structural features of the defect, the recovery process and complications arising from various etiologies. First of all, the symptoms of congenital heart disease include shortness of breath, which occurs against a background of slight physical exertion, increased heart rate, periodic weakness, pallor or cyanosis of the face, pain in the heart, swelling and fainting.
Congenital heart defects can occur intermittently, and therefore there are three main phases.
In the primary phase, adaptive, the patient's body tries to adapt to disorders in the circulatory system, which are caused by a malformation. As a result, the symptoms of the manifestation of the disease are usually mild. But during a severe violation of hemodynamics, cardiac decompensation quickly develops. If patients with congenital heart disease do not die during the first phase of the disease, then after about 2-3 years, improvements in health and their development occur.
In the second phase, relative compensation and improvement in general condition are noted. And after the second, the third inevitably follows, when all the adaptive capabilities of the organism are running out, dystrophic and degenerative changes in the heart muscle and various organs develop. Basically, the terminal phase leads to the death of the patient.
Among the most pronounced symptoms of congenital heart disease are heart murmur, cyanosis and heart failure.
Noise in the heart of a systolic nature and of varying intensity is noted in almost all types of defects. But sometimes they can be completely absent or manifest inconstancy. As a rule, the noises of the best audibility are localized in the left upper part of the sternum or close to the pulmonary artery. Even a slight increase in the shape of the heart makes it possible to listen to a heart murmur.
During stenosis of the pulmonary artery and TMS (transposition of the great vessels), cyanosis is sharply manifested. And with other types of defect, it may be completely absent or be small. Cyanosis is sometimes permanent or appears during screaming, crying, that is, with periodicity. This symptom may be accompanied by a change in the terminal phalanges of the fingers and nails. Sometimes such a symptom is expressed by the pallor of a patient with congenital heart disease.
With some types of defects, cardiac dullness may change. And its increase will depend on the localization of changes in the heart. To make an accurate diagnosis, in order to ascertain the shape of the heart and the heart hump, they resort to an x-ray, using both antiography and kymography.
With heart failure, spasm of peripheral vessels may develop, which is characterized by blanching, coldness of the extremities and the tip of the nose. Spasm manifests itself as an adaptation of the patient's body to heart failure.
Congenital heart disease in newborns
Infants have a rather large heart, which has significant reserve capacity. Congenital heart disease usually develops between 2 and 8 weeks of gestation. The cause of its appearance in a child is considered to be various diseases of the mother, infectious and viral; the work of the expectant mother in hazardous production and, of course, the hereditary factor.
Approximately 1% of newborns have disorders of the cardiovascular system. Now, it is not difficult to accurately diagnose congenital heart disease at an early stage. Thus, it helps to save the lives of many children by applying medical and surgical treatment.
Congenital heart disease is most often diagnosed in male children. And for different defects, a certain sexual predisposition is characteristic. For example, PDA and VSD predominate in women, while aortic stenosis, congenital aneurysm, aortic coarctation, tetralogy of Fallot, and TMA predominate in men.
One of the most common changes in the heart of children is the non-closure of the septum - this is an opening of an anomalous nature. Basically, these are VSDs, which are located between the upper chambers of the heart. For the entire period of the first year of a baby's life, some minor defects in the partitions can spontaneously close and not adversely affect the further development of the child. Well, for major pathologies, surgical intervention is indicated.
The cardiovascular system of the fetus before birth is a circulation that bypasses the lungs, that is, blood does not enter there, but circulates through the ductus arteriosus. When a baby is born, this duct usually closes within a few weeks. But if this does not happen, then the child is given a PDA. This creates a certain load on the heart.
The cause of severe cyanosis in children is the transposition of two large arteries, when the pulmonary artery connects to the left ventricle, and the aorta to the right. This is considered pathological. Without surgery, newborns die immediately during the first days of life. In addition, children with severe forms of congenital heart defects very rarely have heart attacks.
Characteristic signs of congenital heart disease in children are poor weight gain, fatigue and pallor of the skin.
Congenital heart disease treatment
Congenital heart defects can sometimes have a different clinical picture. Therefore, the methods of treatment and care will largely depend on the severity and complexity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Basically, when the patient has a complete compensation of the defect, then his lifestyle is absolutely normal, like in healthy people. As a rule, such patients do not need medical advice. They can be given recommendations, the purpose of which is the ability to keep the defect in a compensatory state.
First of all, a patient suffering from congenital heart disease must limit heavy physical labor. It is advisable to change the work that will adversely affect the patient's well-being to another type of activity.
A person with a history of congenital heart disease should refrain from playing complex sports and participating in competitions. To reduce the load on the heart, the patient should sleep for about eight hours.
Proper nutrition should accompany patients with congenital heart disease for life. Food must be taken 3 times a day so that abundant food does not lead to stress on the cardiovascular system. All food should not contain salt, and if heart failure occurs, salt should not exceed five grams. It should be borne in mind that only boiled foods should be eaten, as they are better digested and significantly reduce the load on all digestive organs. It is strictly forbidden to smoke and take alcoholic beverages, so as not to provoke the cardiovascular system.
One of the methods of treating congenital heart disease is medication, when it is necessary to increase the contractile function of the heart, regulate water-salt metabolism and remove excess fluid from the body, as well as combat altered rhythms in the heart and improve metabolic processes in the myocardium.
Treatment for congenital heart disease sometimes varies depending on the nature and severity of the defect. The age of the patient and his general health are also always taken into account. For example, sometimes children with minor heart defects do not need treatment. And in some cases, it is immediately necessary to carry out surgical intervention even in infancy.
Almost 25% of children with congenital heart disease need urgent early surgery. To determine the location of the defect and its severity, a catheter is placed in the heart in the first days of life.
The main surgical method for the treatment of congenital heart disease is the method of deep hypertension, in which strong cold is used. This type of surgery is done on babies with a heart the size of a walnut. Using this method for operations on the heart of infants, the surgeon has the opportunity to perform the most difficult operation to restore the heart, as a result of its complete relaxation.
At the moment, other radical methods of treating congenital heart defects are also widely used. Among them, commissurotomy can be distinguished, where dissection of fused valves and prosthetics are used, when the modified mitral or tricuspid atrioventricular valve is removed, and then a valve prosthesis is sewn in. After such surgical interventions, especially mitral commissurotomy, the prognosis of surgical treatment is positive.
Most patients after operations return to their normal lifestyle, they are able to work. Children do not limit themselves in physical abilities. However, anyone who has undergone heart surgery should continue to be seen by their primary care physician. A defect that has a rheumatic etiology needs repeated prophylaxis.
In this article, we will discuss how to properly treat heart disease in adults.
Fundamentals of treatment
The complex treatment of the defect that has arisen can be divided into therapeutic (medication) and surgical (operations on the heart cavity). Also today there is a fairly large number of various folk remedies used to treat this disease.
The effectiveness of the treatment, as well as the prognosis for a further successful recovery, primarily awakens envy from the severity, as well as the type of heart disease that has developed. The patient is recommended to regularly, strictly according to the prescription of the attending physician - a cardiologist, take the necessary medications daily, since the treatment of the disease should be carried out on an ongoing, supportive basis.
Therapeutic treatment
The basis of this method is the intake of drugs necessary to strengthen the heart muscle. Medications prescribed by the attending physician - a cardiologist, must be taken regularly, both in congenital and as a result of acquired heart disease.
If heart disease is accompanied by severe tachycardia, then in this case, it should be remembered that not all medications can be taken with this complication.
The most effective groups of drugs are:
vasodilators (cavinton, phezam, cinalotropil); hypotensive (coronal, captopril, berlipril, captopres, lozap, liprazide); nootropic (piracetam, aminalon); cardiac (asparkam, digoxin, corglicon, verapamil, riboxin); diuretics (furosemide, veroshpiron); antithrombotic (aspirin, cardiomagnyl, aspecard); vitamins (B1, B6, B12) that help strengthen the body's immune defenses.
Reception of these drugs is prescribed for a long period of time, depending on the severity of the patient. The main medicinal effect of the presented drugs is aimed at improving blood circulation in the coronary arteries of the heart, normalizing the functioning of the brain, lowering blood pressure, fighting blood clots, as well as increasing the body's immunity by taking vitamins and microelements necessary to strengthen the heart and blood vessels (potassium, magnesium, calcium , phosphorus).
Remember: the course and dose of the drug is prescribed by a cardiologist, in no case, do not self-prescribe medications, this can only aggravate the general well-being of the patient and provoke the development of undesirable complications.
Surgical
Surgical intervention in 70 - 80% is the main and most effective method of treating the defect. Emergency heart surgery is indicated for both acquired and congenital malformations. The main purpose of the operations is aimed at eliminating the developed defects in the heart cavity. The surgical method is stenting the coronary arteries, which consists in connecting the affected areas of the heart muscle.
In addition, a complete replacement of one of the damaged valves, which performs the pumping function of pumping blood, can be carried out. After an effective heart operation, the patient needs to completely eliminate heavy physical activity for a long time and avoid stressful situations. The rehabilitation period, depending on the severity of the disease, takes from 2 to 6 months.
In most cases, after surgical treatment of heart disease, the patient after a while can lead the same, full-fledged life.
Folk remedies
Calendula tincture strengthens the heart very well, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system. For cooking, you need to take 10 - 15 g of crushed leaves, pour 1 liter. vodka and insist at least 3 - 4 days. Take the resulting solution in 20-30 ml. 2 - 3 times a day; take 2 tsp. hawthorn leaves, pour 1/2 l. boiling water, put in a cool place, insist for a day. Strain well before taking, take 5-10 ml. 2 times a day for about 1 month. Contains a large number of trace elements useful for the work of the heart, contributing to the improvement of its performance; 20 g of leaves mother - and - stepmother pour 1 liter. boiling water, insist 2 - 3 days. Strain the resulting mixture, drink 15-20 ml. 1 - 2 p. a day after meals. The main course of treatment is 3 - 4 weeks; crushed leaves of motherwort herb pour 1 liter. boiling water, insist throughout the day. Take the resulting solution in 10-15 ml. after meals 2-3 times a day. The drug has a good sedative effect, the work of the heart and blood vessels improves significantly.
Physiotherapy procedures
The use of these methods is to carry out therapeutic massage, minor physical activity (walking, running, swimming), the main purpose of which is to significantly improve blood circulation in the muscles of the heart. It is recommended to carry out therapeutic massage in small courses of 10-15 days with breaks of 1-2 weeks, then, if possible, repeat again.
It is necessary to start the massage with a slight pressure on the body, then gradually increasing it so that the body has time to adapt to the new treatment procedure.
Prevention
refusal to abuse bad habits (smoking, alcoholism); timely treatment of chronic diseases of the heart and blood vessels; full and timely treatment of rheumatism, as the most formidable cause of the development of the defect; if possible, it is recommended to regularly engage in physical education and sports (running, walking); it is necessary to avoid stressful, psycho-emotional disorders; timely treat acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract of the body (tonsillitis, streptococcal infections).
Attention: it is recommended at least 1-2 times a year, in order to prevent the development of a possible heart disease, to undergo a complete medical examination with a mandatory consultation with a cardiologist and taking an electrocardiogram of the heart.
In this article, we found out how to treat heart disease.