How to find out the character of a person by handwriting? Let's take an example of handwriting. Human handwriting analysis What is the name of handwriting analysis

Neat, illegible, neat, small, large, ornate, beautiful, careless ... Whatever handwriting does not happen. Each of us has his own. It begins to form around the age of 8–10 years, finally develops only by 20, but can change throughout life. And it can tell a lot about us. Scientists have long established that there is a certain connection between a person's handwriting and his character: when writing, hand movements are controlled by the brain, and therefore bear the imprint of mental processes occurring in it. So, do you want to draw a psychological portrait of a person? Check out his handwriting!

General information

Graphology- This is a scientific field of knowledge that studies the laws of the relationship between handwriting and personality, the character of a person. Graphological analysis is carried out on the basis of a number of parameters: the direction of the line is also important (with a shift to the left, right, up and down), and the features of writing letters, and the slope, and the degree of handwriting compression, location on the sheet ... From the combination of these and many other parameters, a individual characteristic. A good graphological analysis gives a complete characterization - from the prospects for personal growth, the definition of abilities to sexual preferences and drug addiction.

Recently, the services of handwriting experts have been used by many companies to compile the characteristics of specialists hired, as well as to evaluate some of the features of competitors. So do not be afraid if, when applying for a job, you are offered a blank sheet of paper, a slate pencil and asked to write a couple of sentences on a free topic. It is unlikely that you will be able to deceive a graphologist, but by artificially distorting handwriting, you can do yourself a disservice by getting a description of a person who is not suitable for this position.

The psychologist shares the basic principles of graphological analysis, graphologist Mikhail Petukhov.

What do you need?

For graphological analysis, a text written by hand on a blank sheet of paper is required. At least four sentences with a signature. The larger the amount of text, the better (for example, an A4 sheet).

It is better to write with a slate pencil or a fountain pen - it is easier to evaluate the pressure.

Not every handwritten text is suitable for analysis. For example, a greeting in a postcard is not the best option, since when signing, a person, as a rule, makes some efforts to make it as beautiful as possible. The analyzed document should be written in such circumstances when a person is calm and not in a hurry. It is best to have several copies written at different times.

Main stages of analysis

1. Pressure

Strong pressure is characteristic of self-confident and energetic people with high performance. Such people, as a rule, are very sociable and attract with their purposefulness and optimism.

Light pressure is most often found in extremely sensitive and romantic natures. These are dreamers, focused primarily on their inner world. Responsible, but unhurried, do everything carefully, trying not to make mistakes. Often such pressure is a sign of weakness.

2. Tilt

A slight tilt to the left is most often found among individualists: they always put their own interests above group interests. Such people have a critical mindset.

Strong tilt to the left. The owners of this handwriting are self-sufficient and independent, they always have their own point of view on any problem.

A slight tilt to the right is the most common handwriting slope, inherent in people who are calm and balanced. Always open to communication, but not averse to being alone for some time. Prone to mood swings.

A strong tilt to the right indicates purposefulness and perseverance. Such people, as a rule, are maximalists and strive to be the first in everything, so if they decide on something, then on the condition that they get either everything or nothing. Loving and very jealous.

If the handwriting is vertical, then this speaks of inner harmony, the balance of rationality and emotionality at the same time. People with this handwriting carefully analyze the situation and only then make decisions. The most important character trait is stubbornness.

3. The size of the handwriting indicates the sociability of a person.

For example, owners of large handwriting (more than 3 mm) are open, emotional and easily find a common language with people. By nature, they are leaders and the soul of any company. They can convince anyone that they are right.

Small handwriting (less than 3 mm) indicates that its owner is a restrained, prudent, secretive and reserved person. He can be trusted with responsible work, as he knows how to fully concentrate on business.

Broad handwriting - broad soul! This is how creative and talented people write. Narrow letters are a sign of rationality and thrift.

4. Outlines

Rounded letters indicate kindness and responsiveness, as well as the ability to compromise. If you meet a person with such a handwriting, know that you can rely on him, he will always support you in difficult times.

Angular handwriting is a sign of selfishness. A person with such a handwriting strives for independence, does not like being told how and what to do.

5. Arrangement of lines

For optimistic natures, the line rises towards the end, for pessimists, on the contrary, it falls. Straight lines are typical for people who are calm and reasonable, balanced. Uneven lines indicate a frequent change in mood or imbalance of a person.

Graphologist Mikhail Petukhov agreed to analyze for us a series of texts with different types of handwriting. A small caveat: these remarks cannot be considered a full-fledged characteristic of a person. Real graphological analysis is a rigorous study of how, at what angle, with what pressure a person writes. In this case, it is desirable that there be an example of writing all the letters. Only in this case, the specialist will give a full and detailed description of the person.

However, these brief descriptions will give you an idea of ​​how a graphologist works and what conclusions based on what significant elements he draws. Look closely, maybe you will find a handwriting similar to yours?

Good day, dear readers. Today we will talk about how to recognize the character by handwriting. You will find out how to understand what a person is from the written text. You will know which criteria are taken into account when analyzing written proposals. Find out how to determine the temperament, personality traits, appearance and occupation of a person from his handwriting. You will find out what the signature can say.

Methods and characteristics

Graphological analysis allows you to learn a lot about a person, even what he himself did not think about. And this contributes to certain changes, personality adjustment. If a person is overly emotional, it is easy to recognize this by the way he writes. For example, letters in words are slanted to the right, written with a little pressure. This indicates susceptibility to phobias. The emergence of any experiences can unbalance.

You need to know that when writing, you can determine the character traits that have been characteristic of a person for a long time, in particular since childhood. If a person is in constant fear, then his handwriting will be twitchy, incomprehensible, uneven, indicating a weakness of character. If a person is fixated on his phobias, closed in himself, then the spelling will be compressed, while the letters are located next to each other. If there are large distances between them, then the person has no fears.

Determining the nature of the personality, much attention is paid to the text. Mental fears are characteristic of the owner of small handwriting. Such a person is afraid of people communicating, she has a secluded lifestyle, it is possible. If the handwriting is large, then the person is confident in himself, he is able to express his point of view, makes other people listen to his opinion.

If you pay special attention to the analysis of the letter, then you realize that graphology is not a pseudoscience. A person is able to independently analyze his handwriting. Even if it turns out that he does not have very good character traits, this will contribute to the ability to critically evaluate himself, to correct his character.

Let's take a closer look at what the handwriting says about the character of the subject according to the first method.

1. What does the slope indicate? This criterion indicates the attitude towards people, as well as the level of emotionality of the owner of the handwriting. With a vertical arrangement of letters, a calm character and inflated self-esteem are observed. If slightly tilted to the right - a good-natured person, a soft temperament. There is a strong inclination to the right, then you have an impetuous nature in front of you, which is constantly in a tense state. The letters are tilted to the left - a selfish person. Slightly turned to the left side - touchy, vindictive personality.
2. Consider pressure. This criterion indicates the emotions that prevail in a person. Strong pressure indicates an explosive character, constant experiences, weak pressure indicates weakness, susceptibility to other people's influence.
3. Types of handwriting. Careless - observed among realists, who sometimes have a quick temper. Such persons quickly forgive insults, are fond of creativity, skeptics by nature. If there is a rough, careless handwriting, then its owner is a sociable and generous person, but he is rarely lucky in life, there is nervousness. Small handwriting, which is difficult to make out, is typical for shy people who find it difficult to overcome difficulties. Such persons have logical thinking, have talents, they are often unsociable, closed in themselves. Large handwriting is found in confident people, leaders. At the same time, they are characterized by gullibility.
4. Distance between characters. When the letters are next to each other, they indicate a straightforward person with good intuition. Compact writing indicates the presence of an independent character. If there are few places in the text with gaps between letters, then this indicates the presence of spiritual harmony. If there are many gaps between the signs, then the person is dreamy, likes to attract attention to himself. If this distance is completely insignificant, then there is a friendly person in front of you, if the gaps are large, the person is afraid of new acquaintances.
5. The angularity of the handwriting indicates a critical mindset, a desire to compete, proving one's worth. If the letters are rounded, then you have a hospitable person who has an amazing taste, as a rule, achieves his goals, while being quite selfish.
6. The presence of curls. If they are present at the bottom of the letters and are small enough, then you have a person who quickly adapts to changes, does not like lies in relationships. If the curl is present on only one sign, there is love for the family, a strong rapprochement with relatives. If the curls are below and wide - this characterizes the person as purposeful, aimed at communication and material well-being. If the curl is below, but large enough, this indicates a lazy person who does not have any hobbies. If there is a large curl both from below and from above, then the person is quite freedom-loving.
7. The presence of calligraphic handwriting indicates a neat, sensitive person who is a good family man. However, there may be self-doubt and a need for a listener.
8. Pointed handwriting indicates a combination with intelligence, while there is indifference to people.
9. Large handwriting indicates a proud person who wants to be in first place. At the same time, he can also be a romantic, quickly forget insults.
10. Printed handwriting indicates low self-esteem, a painful perception of criticism.
11. Changeable - for mood swings.

The second method is objective for subjects aged 25 to 45 - this is the period with the most stable psychophysical personality characteristics. For diagnosis, not one, but several sheets of paper with handwriting are examined. The fact is that on the first page a person, as a rule, writes constrainedly, on the subsequent ones she relaxes, the handwriting becomes more natural. The last pages are the most informative.

1. Sheet appearance. If the owner is greedy, then the sheets will be dirty greasy. If kind, pedantic, then clean.
2. Field inspection. Narrow ones indicate thrift, too tight - stinginess, wide - openness, too spacious - arrogance, the desire to be rich.
3. Letter size. It must be borne in mind that as the same person ages, the size of the letters will increase, as vision deteriorates. If we consider the general characteristics, then small letters will indicate the isolation of character, medium ones - the norm, and large ones - leadership qualities and sociability.
4. Characteristics of the capital letter. If it somehow stands out, then the author is not confident in his own abilities, is too susceptible to other people's influence, tries to attract attention to himself. If the capital letter is small, then there is internal stiffness.
5. Pressure. The intensity of pressure indicates the presence of experiences in the subject, the stronger, the more of them.
6. Strings. Wavy ones indicate variability of mood, deceit in actions; even - on a sober view of life, a sound assessment of one's own capabilities. If, when writing, the line rises up, then you have an optimist, if it slides down, then the owner of low self-esteem.
7. Signature:

• normal - indicates confidence;
• with underlining - for resourcefulness;
• curls - insight;
• the presence of a frame - shyness, susceptibility to phobias;
• crossed out - explosive character.

Appearance and occupation by handwriting

It turns out that holding a piece of paper with a written text in your hands, you can determine exactly how its owner looks.

1. Low growth is indicated by elongated letters that seem sweeping. On high - unstretched letters that are written on the same level. On medium height - the compactness of the letters at the beginning of the line, at the end they become less frequent, while the last letters can go down below the line.
2. Slimness is indicated by finely written signs, elongated letters. On completeness - uneven pressure on one or the symbol is not finished at all.
3. Fair-haired people have illegible writing, medium-sized characters. Brunettes have a diligent removal of elements, lines can rise up.

The way the text is written can also reveal the intended occupation.

1. Businessmen, as a rule, have sloppy handwriting, and pharmacists have uneven handwriting.
2. For people associated with the philological sciences - galloping and jerky.
3. Professors and individuals engaged in mental work have many strokes.
4. For philosophers and poets, descending handwriting is characteristic.
5. Engineers and mathematicians tend to write letters simply without slanting.
6. Creative individuals - wavy handwriting.

Definition of personal qualities

The character of a person can be determined by handwriting, knowing what features, how they manifest themselves.

1. Short temper. The letters and lines will go up, the hooks in the letters will go below the lines.
2. Mind. There are decorative elements. There is practically no slope, the distance between words is the same, the average size of the letters.
3. Equilibrium. The lines are even, the handwriting is beautiful, at first it may seem illegible.
4. Sensitivity. The letters are unfinished, but not all, the pressure will be uneven, the pallor of the letters, a slight slope.
5. Stupidity. There are incomprehensible hooks between words, the distance will vary, the pressure is uneven, the capital letters are not like the rest, the original ones, the letter looks pretentious.
6. Coolness. Line writing will be uneven. However, the last word will definitely be in place. In this case, the letters will be neat with the distance between words different.
7. Cruelty. Some letters have an underline, they look bold, rough, carefully spelled out.

Signature

Sometimes it is difficult to analyze handwriting, and there are also ambiguous results. In such situations, when researching, it is better to analyze the signature of the subject.

1. The simpler it is, the more confident the subject is.
2. The presence of squiggles, loops indicates observation and cunning.
3. The presence of various elements - for originality.
4. Curls and strokes indicate resourcefulness, ingenuity, the presence of a vivid imagination.
5. Strikethrough signature - on the impulsiveness of character.
6. The underlining of the signature indicates enterprise. At the same time, if the line goes to the beginning, then there is a selfish person who does not know how to trust anyone.
7. The signature, which is in the center of the circle, indicates the shyness of the character.
8. The coincidence of the first letter with the name of the owner of the signature indicates a healthy assessment of one's own capabilities, modesty of character.
9. If the first letter of the signature stands out strongly, this is an indicator of ambition and narcissism, the inability to concentrate.
10. Waves and zigzags - for a cheerful disposition.
11. A caption that tends upward indicates optimism.
12. Horizontal - on prudence and confidence.
13. Going down - to isolation.
14. The dot ending the signature indicates discipline.

Typical examples

You already know how to determine the character by handwriting, I bring to your attention samples of texts written by different people.

Example #1. The handwriting is typical for young women, stubbornness, capriciousness, focus on subjective feelings, and the ability to manipulate are noticeable.

Example #2. Handwriting demonstrates the ability to compromise.

Example #3. Belongs to an attentive person who is aware of her actions. There is good organization and clarity of thought.

Example number 4. The handwriting of a self-confident, energetic person.

Example number 5. Belongs to a person who does not listen to other people's opinions, stubborn and self-confident.

Photo 1 of 2

If you were unable to determine the character of a person by appearance, but this is very important and urgent for you, ask him to drop a couple of lines for you.

A serious, organized and purposeful person is likely to take a blank sheet of the usual format. If he is generous at the same time, then the sheet will be larger than the required format, while wide margins will certainly remain. And the message itself will be written in large, sweeping handwriting. However, such a handwriting has a downside - its owner may well be not only generous, but also wasteful.

In a kind, strong and thorough person, the letters are round, with clear straight vertical lines or slightly inclined to the right.

For an optimist and a merry fellow, the lines certainly rise up at the end. Such people adapt well to others and are easy to communicate with. If, at the same time, the text is written in an illegible, uneven handwriting, the letters are either small or large, they do not connect well with each other, and the slope changes all the time, then such a merry fellow has a continuous holiday all his life.

Cautious pedantic skeptics write in such a way that the lines will certainly slide down at the end. If at the same time the letters are small and the distance between the lines is small - these people are stingy, prudent and prefer not to draw attention to themselves.

Particularly petty, neat, punctual handwriting is not only small, but also beautiful, calligraphic. Its owners are distinguished by vindictiveness, envy. They are terribly demanding of their loved ones, they endlessly teach the lives of others and are always dissatisfied with everything. You have to be very careful with them, as their vindictiveness sometimes takes on unpredictable forms.

Stubborn, stubborn nature are people who write with a lot of hooks and knots. Such people strive not only to firmly hold on to a place or partner, but also to “tie” them to themselves. Be careful with such people: they don’t let anyone out of their hands just like that.

Active, independent people write in angular letters. They are loving, but absolutely not domestic and try not to become attached to anyone. They love freedom and always do as they please.

Attractive and sociable people write in a rather large ornate handwriting, with squiggles, expressive periods, commas and other signs. These heartthrobs know how to bewitch, outshine, set up networks that are extremely easy to fall into. They are quite gifted and artistic nature. But most of all, they love themselves. They need to demonstrate their adoration and love in every possible way.

Sensitive people write with light pressure. Everything that happens around them puts a lot of pressure on them. If at the same time the letters are written in the style of the last century, then you have a person prone to idealization, dreaminess, romanticism. In intimate relationships, they are shy, indecisive. Next to them, the partner should take the initiative, but very delicately and gently, so as not to cause even more embarrassment.

Often you can meet people with a "childish" handwriting. Nothing can ever be said about them in advance. One thing is certain: they often behave childishly directly.

The slope of the letters
Not too strong tilt to the right, indicates friendliness, warmth. Writers like this can keep their emotions in check, get along well with others, and are sincerely drawn to communication.

A strong tilt to the right shows a desire to flaunt your feelings. Such people tend to go to extremes: if they fall in love, then head over heels; if they don't like it, they hate it.

Leaning to the left indicates that the intellect is in control of the emotions.
The lack of tilt (vertical writing) indicates a balance between mind and heart.
Stitches

If the line goes up - this is a sign of an optimistic nature, if it goes down - a sign of incorrigible pessimism.
If the line goes in a straight line, then such a person is difficult to upset with minor troubles.

Spaces and margins
If the lines overlap each other, this is a sample letter from a thrifty person.
If there are large spaces between words, it shows that the person is generous. The greater the distance between words, the stronger the tendency to waste.

He who writes in large letters, and at the same time the distance between words is very large, is prone to extremely impractical and even extravagant spending.

Wide margins on all sides of the sheet indicate a craving for exquisite items, a desire to spend money on acquiring rare and valuable things.

Angles and roundness
Rounded letters indicate that a person is prone to cooperation. He is satisfied with teamwork and expects initiative from others.
Angular letters are a sign of competitiveness, a desire for independence and a critical mind.

The combination of angular and rounded letters indicates the ability to charm people, tact, hospitality, good taste.

Pressure
Light pressure is characteristic of sensitive people.
Strong pressure distinguishes people who are decisive, energetic, sociable. They are not shy, sociable, failures only “spur” them on.

Letter size
Restrained people, capable of concentration, write in small letters.
Small hard-to-read handwriting indicates exceptional secrecy.

Large letters are a sign of expansiveness in actions and thoughts, unwillingness to obey.

Large handwriting with original writing of some letters speaks of creative thinking, a tendency to dramatize what is happening and inattention to details. If at the same time the capital letters are graceful, this indicates the ability to command and attract people to oneself.

Temperament and handwriting
Sanguine temperament: handwriting broken, with sharp strokes, mobile and beautiful; curvilinear lines, fast letters.

Phlegmatic temperament: the handwriting is mostly bold, in places the letters thicken, and sometimes become thin; unequal spacing between letters.

Calligraphic letters, drawn and decorated.

Melancholic temperament: dancing, pale, drawn out letters. Wrapping words with a large distance, leaving margins jagged.

Choleric temperament: twisted, tangled strokes, unequal spacing between words; smeared letters with strong and original pressure, closed and
close; slope falling to the right.

National features of handwriting
Despite the fact that in almost every country in the Western world people write using the letters of the Latin alphabet, it is not difficult to see the differences in the spelling of letters used by people of different countries.

Spaniards typically capitalize in a flourish and swirls, which shows their proud and romantic nature.

The French write much smaller and their handwriting reflects a more logical approach to life.
Italian writing, with its simple small letters and graceful large letters, reflects a sense of rhythm and grace.

Russian emotional, sociable nature is reflected in a sweeping, large handwriting.
German handwriting is more angular and meticulous than that of other nations.

The British handwriting is restrained, simple, without flourishes and curlicues.

American handwriting is loose and sweeping. It is a combination of many national traditions, because in this young country the national handwriting style has not yet fully developed.

Of course, these handwriting features reflect only the most typical manifestations of national characters. People of the same nation write in different handwriting, reflecting their differences in personality.

Occupation and handwriting

Vertically inclined simple handwriting is characteristic of mathematicians, engineers and people with real knowledge (agronomists, architects, astronomers, naturalists).

Falling handwriting, flat and wide, is found in philosophers, dreamers, poets, thoughtful, serious people; inclined, wavy - from artists (watercolorists, sculptors).

Short letters written with gestures (strokes) indicate professors, doctors, in general, people of labor, both mental and physical. The health of these people is mostly poor. Such handwriting is also found among epileptics and, in general, among people with a deep, but vulnerable soul.

Jerky, jumping letters are characteristic of people who speak languages ​​(scientists, linguists, teachers, philologists).

Paying little attention to the shape of the letters, lawyers, statesmen and people with a good upbringing write.

Trying to give shape to letters, artisans, workers, scribes, as well as those who work specially with a needle, write.

Clumsy, vulgar letters characterize the handwriting of merchants, merchants, manufacturers, pharmacists.

Horizontal, elongated letters are found among students and in general among people striving for something, as well as among free-thinking people.

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Character by handwriting can be studied with the help of the science of graphology. A professional graphologist can learn a lot about a person's personality from the way they write.

However, ordinary people, having familiarized themselves with the key points of graphology, will be able to determine the character in general terms by handwriting.

Graphology is the science of determining the personal qualities of a person by his handwriting.

We determine the character of people by handwriting

Graphologists, as a rule, study several sheets written by a person for serious analysis.

It is believed that on the first sheet a person writes less naturally than on subsequent ones. Therefore, the last pages of long texts are of the greatest interest in order to study character from handwriting.

How to determine character by handwriting? Before studying the character by handwriting, carefully look at the sheet itself on which the text is written.

A leaf can tell a lot about its owner:

• For example, a small piece of paper with torn edges, traces of grease or dirt indicates that its owner is most likely a slob, a bungler, and possibly a greedy person.
• A large, neat, clean sheet of paper often speaks of generosity and neatness, but can also be an indication of extravagance.

Size

When determining the character by handwriting, consider the size of the letters. The size changes with age, as well as depending on the current physical condition.

• For example, with age and fatigue, the spelling of words becomes larger. It is believed that handwriting at the age of twenty-five to forty-five gives the most reliable information.
• Medium-sized letters are the most common. If you stumbled upon such letters while studying a character by handwriting, be aware that they do not provide any specific information about its owner.
• Largely written symbols indicate that their owner has leadership abilities. Such people are emotional and easy to communicate. They get to know each other and make new connections.
• Small letters speak of a person's determination and restraint. Sometimes they are a sign of a hidden and withdrawn personality.

fields

To find out the character by handwriting, carefully examine the fields:

• People who leave narrow fields often have qualities such as frugality. Sometimes narrow margins can indicate the pettiness of the author. The narrower the fields, the more pronounced the quality of thrift, sometimes, it can reach stinginess.
• Wide margins, on the contrary, speak of the generosity of the author. The wider the fields, the more likely it is that a person will be not only generous, but also wasteful. Excessively wide margins can also speak of vanity, the pursuit of luxury and ostentation.

Pen pressure

By studying pressure, you can find out not only the character by handwriting, but also the emotional state of a person at the time of writing. The stronger the emotions, the stronger the pressure.

• Strong pressure is characteristic of energetic people and workaholics. Such people easily establish contact with others, have a low degree of isolation.
• Light pressure, on the contrary, is typical for people who prefer loneliness and tranquility to communication. Such natures are often romantics.

Line direction

Studying the character by handwriting, carefully consider how the lines are written:

• People who are prone to frequent mood swings and adventures are often the owners of "wavy" lines when writing. In some cases, such lines speak of the author's penchant for deceit and resourcefulness.
• Straight lines, written as if on a ruler, give out people who are reasonable and restrained. Often such people have adequate self-esteem and soberly assess their capabilities.
• A line rising up indicates that its author is .
• The line goes down - the author is probably a pessimist or has low self-esteem.

Connectivity of letter elements

Determining the character by handwriting, study the connectedness of the elements of the letter:

• The handwriting of a person who writes all the symbols in a connected way indicates that he is a straightforward person with a predominant logical thinking. Often such people are enterprising and prone to criticism.
• People with well-developed figurative thinking often write all the letters separately.
• If ligaments of two or three letters are found on the letter, then this indicates the author's balance.

Letter form

Determining character by handwriting includes the study of the shape of letters:

• Angular and sharp characters. If you come across this style of writing while studying character from handwriting, know that it is often a sign of selfishness.
• Rounded and smooth - a characteristic sign of compliance and suppleness. Such people are too loyal, usually it is difficult for them to achieve their goals.

Letter slant

To find out the character by handwriting, pay attention to its slope:

• A slight tilt to the left indicates that the author tends to criticize others. Such a person often puts his own interests above the interests of others.
• If the letters lean strongly to the left, then this indicates the stubbornness of the author and the tendency to consider his point of view the only true one.
• Determining the character by handwriting, most often you will have to deal with a slight inclination to the right. Such an inclination, as a rule, does not say anything about the writer. This is how they teach writing in school.
• If the letters lean to the right very much, then the author is . He is purposeful. Often such an inclination is found in jealous people and people who are able to fall in love very much.
• Symbols without an inclination indicate stubborn spitting. Such people usually think over their actions well, evaluate the state of affairs and act for sure.

Signature

Studying the character by handwriting, pay special attention to the signature. The signature gives a lot of information about the nature of its owner:

• If, when determining the character from a letter, you stumbled upon a regular signature, that is, it does not have any additional elements, then this indicates the courage and confidence of its owner.
• The signature contains an underline - the author is an enterprising person.
• The signature has loops - the author is an observant person.
• The signature is crossed out - the author is an impulsive and active person.
• Circled signature - the author is cowardly or .
• Pay special attention to the capital letter, studying the character by handwriting:
• The more intricately decorated capital letter, the stronger the author's need for recognition and attention of the environment.
• If, studying the character from the handwriting, you see a small capital character, then perhaps the lines belong to the clamped person.

Temperament in handwriting

Graphologists believe that it is possible not only to study character by handwriting, but also to learn temperament. Each temperament has its own characteristics of writing:

• Choleric. This type is characterized by a tilt to the right. The signs are twisted and confusing. The pressure is strong. The spacing between words is not the same.
• Phlegmatic person. Letter spacing varies. The letters themselves are bold, but their thickness is not constant.
• Sanguine. Often sanguine people have beautiful handwriting. The letters are running, sweeping. Lines are uneven.
• Melancholic. Uneven fields are characteristic. The letters are dancing, have long strokes and dashes.

Personal qualities in handwriting

Determining the character by handwriting, you can also identify some of the qualities of a person:

• Short temper. Hot-tempered people are characterized by symbols rising above the line. The hooks of the last letters of the word fall below the lines.
• Sensitivity. Often there are unfinished characters, the pressure is uneven, there is a slope, the letters are pale.
• Mind. The letters do not have decorative elements, the slope is insignificant or absent. The spacing between words is the same. The letters are medium in size, rounded.
• Stupidity. The presence of unusual hooks. Different distance between words, uneven pressure. Capital letters are displayed with great care and originality. The letter seems pretentious.
• Will. The letters are connected. The pressure is even. The number of strokes is small. The letters are distinct, the letter contains very little decoration, rounded.
• Coolness. With uneven lines, as a rule, the last word is written exactly in its place. The letters are neat, the distance between words is different.
• Equilibrium. Causes the feeling that all the characters are "woven". The handwriting is beautiful, but at first it may seem illegible. The lines are even.
• Cruelty. Sometimes letters have underscores. Usually they are carefully written, hooked, flattened, but look rough and greasy.

When determining character by handwriting, remember that it is common for a person to have several qualities at once.

Appearance in handwriting

You can determine not only the character by handwriting, but also appearance:

• Low rise. The spelling of words has strokes, the letters are elongated. The letters seem to be sweeping and tending to "grow up". Letters that end words are often incomplete.
• High growth. The letters, as in the previous case, have strokes, but are not stretched. They walk in straight rows, like a fence. It does not look ornate, but it is not solid. The pressure may be uneven.
• Average height. Conciseness of letters at the beginning of a line is characteristic. Towards the end of the line, the letters become less frequent. The last characters can be written below the line.
• Slenderness. Punctuation marks appear small. The letters are elongated.
• Completeness. The pressure on the same letter is uneven. More often, the second part of the letter has a stronger pressure. Unfinished characters may appear.
• Blondes. Fair-haired people are characterized by a legible writing style. Letters may shrink towards the end of the line. As a rule, the characters are not large.
• Brunettes. The letters are raised above the line. Capital letters may have decorations. All elements are carefully displayed and have a beautiful shape. Rows often go up.

Occupation by handwriting

Character in handwriting and appearance is not the only thing that can be learned about a person from the way he writes:

• Irregular, inaccurate. Typical for pharmacists, businessmen.
• Jerky, jumping. Characteristic for people studying and working with languages.
• With many strokes. It often happens with people engaged in mental work, professors.
• descending. A characteristic feature of poets, dreamers, philosophers.
• Vertical, simple. Feature of mathematicians and engineers.
• Wavy. It is peculiar to creative people, artists, sculptors.

Is it possible to form a general idea of ​​a person without even seeing him? It turns out you can - handwriting .

And this opportunity provides Graphology studying the relationship between handwriting and personality.

Graphology(from other - Greek “I write” and “teaching”) - a doctrine according to which there is a stable connection between handwriting and individual personality traits. ( Wikipedia).

This connection began to pay attention in antiquity. Known saying Emperor Nero: "I'm afraid of this man, his handwriting shows that he has a traitorous nature".

At confucius: "P a sketch can reliably indicate whether he comes from a generous person or from someone who is vulgar ".

Handwriting can sometimes tell a graphologist about a person more than he himself is able to tell about himself. This happens because handwriting is formed not so much by consciousness as by subconscious processes of the brain.

Writing is a complex psychomotor skill, and if perfected in school, it is deposited in the brain and not lost.

How can handwriting tell about a person?

I invite readers to a small study of this topic.

As always, we will approach the issue systematically, starting with history and ending with a book review.

History of graphology

The relationship of handwriting with the personal qualities of a person was suspected in the era of antiquity. Aristotle wrote: “Just as there are no people who speak the same way, so there are no people who write the same way”.

Suetonius Gaius Tranquill(about 70-140 AD), the biographer of the Roman emperors wrote that the emperor Augustus did not start a new line of verse if the verse did not fit on one line, but added it under the last word of the verse.
A modern graphologist would define this as a property of a thrifty person who has a strictly deductive, practical mind.

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, interest in graphology disappeared, but it was revived again in the Middle Ages, when writing became the property of a wider section of society.

However, before the beginning of the XVII century. there were no independent works devoted to this issue.

The first known history treatise on the study of handwriting belongs to an Italian doctor, professor at the University of Bologna Camillo Baldo(Camillo Baldo), who lived in Bologna and published in 1622 his work “ About how by writing you can find out the character and properties of the writer ».

It was the first fundamental work on graphology. As an epigraph to his work, Baldo took the proverb " a lion is recognized by its claws ».

Camillo Balbo(1550 - 1637)

First time word "graphology« appeared in 1871 in the book "Graphology System", French abbot Jean Hippolyte Michon. He is considered to be the father of modern graphology.

Abbé Michon, systematized the features of handwriting and tried to establish correspondences between them and personal qualities.

Jean Hippolyte Michon(1806-1881)

In 1879, the abbot began to publish the magazine " Graphology", he was one of the founders of the Paris Graphological Society. It is also known about Michon that for thirty-five years he studied the autographs of prominent Frenchmen and was able to recognize 350 feelings and abilities by handwriting.

The simplicity of Michon's method made it popular. He studied and compared individual elements of writing: strokes, letters, words, lines, etc. His method suggested that the presence of one graphological feature means one specific character trait, and its absence means the opposite trait. At present, this seems to be only partly correct.

Michon's followers, including his student, Jules Crepier Jamin disagreed with this principle, as well as with the practice of attributing rigid interpretations to individual features of handwriting. Crepier-Jamin assigned a range of possible meanings to each element in handwriting.

He argued that the meaning and interpretation could change depending on other features of the writing. Modern graphology accepts precisely this theory.

Despite the mystical touch, many prominent minds of that time turned to the topic of determining character by handwriting. Names such as Leibniz, Shakespeare, Goethe, Lavater, George Sand, Alexander Dumas son, Walter Scott, Edgar Poe.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz(1646 - 1716) - German philosopher, mathematician, and also Johann Wolfgang Goethe(1749 - 1832) - a great poet and naturalist, recognized that the individuality of a person is reflected in his letter.

George Sand, in turn, considered: “It is possible that I am mistaken in everything, since I do not have a system; but I receive many letters, and the instinct of the observer allows me, on the basis of the general impression, to judge the writer by the handwriting..

Goethe wrote: " there is not a shadow of a doubt that handwriting is related to the character and mind of a person and that it can at least give an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhis feelings and actions».

C. Lombroso outlined his views on handwriting and personality in the book "Graphology", published in 1899.

Cesare Lombroso ( 1835 -1909) - Italian psychiatrist, founder of the anthropological trend in criminology and criminal law, whose main idea was the idea of ​​​​a born criminal.

« Just as an idiot cannot get rid of a bouncing gait, and a paraplegic from a shuffling gait, so the ordinary "average" person cannot but show his own characteristics in hand movements when writing.».

The handwriting of the "criminal man", according to the teachings of Lombroso, is characterized by special graphological features, which are divided into two groups. Some signs allegedly characterize the handwriting of murderers, robbers and robbers, others - thieves.

But Lombroso's teaching about the handwriting of the "criminal man", like his whole theory, turned out to be scientifically untenable.
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In the future, graphology began to spread throughout Europe.

Wilhelm Preyer, professor of physiology from Jena, suggested that the brain, not the fingers, directs writing, and that the brain, not the hand, actually writes.

German graphologists contributed to the theoretical base of graphology Hans Busse And Ludwig Klages.

The most prominent figure in the Swiss graphological school is Dr. Max Pulver, a psychologist at the University of Zurich, who in 1934 discovered three zones in handwriting.

In England Robert Soudek, Hans Jaakobi and Hans Eysenck conducted studies that confirmed the validity of handwriting analysis.

Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung and Alfred Adler recognized the importance of graph analysis. Freud and Jung accepted graphology as a way to penetrate into the unconscious of a person, and therefore aroused their interest.

He also did graphology. Alfred Adler, he clearly recognized the importance of graphology and practiced handwriting analysis himself.

In the 1940s and 1950s, concepts appeared graphometrics and psychology of handwriting (Scriftpsychologie). Graphometricians are beginning to measure handwriting characteristics and use statistical methods to prove the truth of the conclusions about the relationship of handwriting characteristics with psychological qualities.

Over the course of the 20th century, graphology occupies an increasingly prominent place in European science as a tool for psychological testing.

Graphology in the world today

In many countries, graphology is accepted by the academic community and the state, and is studied as part of higher education.

Currently, in Europe, graphology is included in the compulsory curriculum in many countries. Universities in Heidelberg, Kiel, Munich, schools in Holland, Switzerland, Italy and France are officially licensed to work in this area. The latest courses are taught at the Sorbonne (France).

In Italy, Hungary, the profession - "graphologist" can be studied at a university, like any other specialty.

In Holland there are two professorial chairs (at the universities of Leiden and Utrecht) and two graphological societies (in Amsterdam and The Hague).

The Institute of Handwriting (New York) was established in the USA, as well as the American Graphological Society. In the US, a graphology course is taught at New York University, at the School of Social Research. At some universities, graphology is studied after completing a course in psychology; in others, it is read as part of a medical course.

Many firms use the services of expert graphologists who make up characteristics for specialists hired.

According to American graphologists, more than 500 US firms use handwriting analysis to determine the professional qualities of a person who is newly hired or promoted.

Graphology is successfully used in business, medicine, sports, pedagogy and other areas.

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The following facts speak about the status of graphology in other European countries:

The British Academy of Graphology (BAOG) was established in 1985.
The British Institute of Graphology (BIG) was founded in 1983.
In 1986, the Hungarian Society for the Study of Handwriting was established, in 1991, the Institute of Graphology in Budapest under the leadership of Tamas Agardi.

You can also call:
American Society of Professional Graphologists (ASPG).
Association of German graphologists.
French association of graphologists-consultants.
Swiss Graphology Association.
Italian Graphological Association.
Italian Association of Graphologists.
Spanish Graphological Association.
Israeli Graphology Association.

Graphology has been developed in many countries and especially in France, Germany, Holland, Israel and the USA.

Graphology in Russia

Before the 1917 revolution, Russia developed its own graphological school, which had two directions: forensic and graphological proper.

Graphological direction was presented by N.D.Akhsharumov, F.F.Tishkov, V.V.Mayatsky and M.I.Popyalkovsky. The theoretical substantiation of graphology is presented by I.F. Morgenstern.

Graphology was first introduced to the general public with the book Psychographology by Ilya Fedorovich Morgenstern in 1903.

In 1915, a brochure by V. Mayatsky "Graphology" was published.

Since the 20s of the XX century, graphologist-expert D.M. Zuev-Insarov has been working in this direction, having written many articles on graphology and monographs: “The structure of handwriting and character”, “Handwriting and personality”.

Forensic direction was founded by forensic handwriting experts E.F. Burinsky, S.M. Potapov and psychophysiologist-graphologist M.I. Popyalkovsky.

In 1903, a book by E.F. Burinsky " Forensic examination of documents, its production and use". He was the first to describe in detail the features of handwriting as a way of identifying a person from a manuscript. Thus, Burinsky was the founder of the current graphometry. He laid the foundation for forensic handwriting as a field of knowledge that studies methods for identifying a person in order to solve crimes or establish an identity in civil cases.

Evgeny Fyodorovich Burinsky(1849-1912) - an outstanding Russian forensic scientist, one of the founders of forensic science, the founder of forensic photography, technical research of documents and forensic handwriting in Russia.

Practically not developing after the revolution, in the USSR in 1940 graphology was officially declared bourgeois pseudoscience.

IN Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1952) said: " Graphology (from the Greek grapho - I write and logos - a word, teaching) is a pseudoscientific theory, according to which a person's handwriting can supposedly be used to judge his character and even appearance ... Such conclusions are not scientific».
But in an encyclopedia published later ( 1972) says: " Graphology (from grapho ... and ... logic) is the study of handwriting, its study from the point of view of the properties and mental states of the writer reflected in it. Graphology data are used to study the individual characteristics of a person in psychology, as well as in medicine and forensics.. Nothing has been said about the pseudoscientific nature of the theory of graphology.

The position of graphology and specialized literature did not change much after the collapse of the USSR.

In Russia, it is strong handwriting school, although the leading Russian forensic handwriting experts wrote that there is a rational grain in graphology. But further than this, the development of graphology somehow did not go.

The accessibility of foreign sources of information increased the interest and popularity of graphology, and the number of Russian-language books increased.

All this as a whole reflects a very heterogeneous state of Russian-language graphology.

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In Russia and the CIS, he is engaged in professional graphic analysis and training in it. International School of Graph Analysis. This is the Inessa Goldberg Graph Analysis School, it is the most authoritative graphological organization in the Russian-speaking space (www.grafologia.co.il)

Let's add also the Moscow School of Graphology. The founder and head of the School is T.V. Efremova (http://www.moscow-graphology.ru/).
Courses in graphology according to the author's methodology, conducted by Svetlana Sibirskaya (http://grafol.ru/swet/kursi.html).

Although, of course, I do not exclude that I missed something in my research and I will be glad if my readers correct me.

Graphology and handwriting

Graphology and handwriting are not synonyms.

handwriting is a practical branch of criminology, and graphology This is the doctrine of the connection between handwriting and character.

Handwriting expertise conducted by forensic experts and can determine, for example, whether two autographs belong to the same person, but in no case does it determine the nature of the writer.

Handwriting examination has a developed methodology that meets scientific criteria and has clearly defined goals, for example, to determine whether a handwriting or signature is genuine or fake.

The scientific nature of graphology

Graphology is not an exact science in the mathematical sense of the word.

Despite the theoretical base, systematic patterns, tables, etc., a qualitative graphological analysis of handwriting is impossible without the participation of live specialist whose experience and psychological sense are indispensable for the most accurate interpretation of the options.

Companion of Cesare Lombroso, Italian professor of forensic medicine Salvatore Ottolenghi wrote in the early 1920s: Graphology is not yet a science, although there is no doubt about its scientific basis...”.

In his book "In the wake of a crime" professor of criminology G Eza Cato and Imre Kertész write: " It is possible that in the future it will be possible to clarify certain issues, for example, to detect certain signs of temperament from handwriting, but today someone who claims to be able to determine character from handwriting is usually either a deceiver or a sincerely mistaken person.» .

Domestic criminologist O.M. Glotov characterizing the modern graphology flourishing in the West, he notes that it " most often borders on quackery, so to speak, in its purest form". (Glotov O. M. About criminalistics//From crime to punishment/ Under the editorship of N. S. Alekseev. L., 1973. p. 182).

The opinions of criminologists are understandable, graphology is not a scientific discipline.

Although studies show that handwriting analysis allows us to characterize some of the psychological characteristics of a person. In 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the use of graphology in hiring.

Nevertheless, it must be admitted that the assumptions about the possibility of diagnosing personality traits by handwriting have not received convincing scientific confirmation to date.

Perhaps Graphology is in the development stage and after some time the necessary arguments will be found that satisfy the academic authorities for recognizing it as a science. In the meantime, Graphology, according to graphologists, is a combination of science and art.

From general to specific

Any handwriting analysis should begin with an assessment of the general appearance of the handwriting. According to Zuev-Insarov, the general view includes: harmony, geometry and graphology letters. These three categories are present in all graphological schools of the world to this day.

1. degree of harmony.
Pay attention to the overall impression of the handwriting: do you get the feeling of a unified whole?

Handwriting harmony is the degree of harmony between the individual letters that make up words.

The higher the degree of harmony of the letter, the higher the degree of giftedness of the individual.

2. The degree of geometricity.

The degree of geometric consistency of writing is determined by: the evenness of the lines of lines and margins, the uniformity of the intervals between words and lines, the uniformity of pressure.

A high degree of harmony indicates that a person has a large supply of internal energy, developed volitional efforts, which allow him to always maintain internal balance, inhibit unwanted emotions, and act deliberately.

3. The degree of graphology of the letter.

The degree of graphological writing is determined by the degree of deviation from the calligraphic sample.

1. Pressure when writing.

Strong pressure characterizes people who are energetic and ready to overcome obstacles on the way to what they want.

Weak pressure indicates a sensitive nature, prone to idealization, to the influence of someone else's opinion.

Uneven pressure is an indicator of imbalance, impressionability, impulsiveness.

If the pressure when writing is weak, and, moreover, still uneven, then the author of such a handwriting is most likely insecure, prone to constant doubts.

2. Consistency of the line.

The "direct" line speaks of the poise and restraint of the writer, the ability to bring the matter to the end.

"Wavy" lines indicate that a person has the flexibility of thinking and diplomacy, which allows him to get around difficulties, although he may lack purposefulness.

The lines rising towards the end belong to people who are energetic, self-confident, enterprising and striving for success.

If the lines, on the contrary, fall towards the end, then the author of the handwriting most likely has a lack of energy to bring the matter to the end.

3. The slope of the handwriting.

Too slanted handwriting - its owner can be expected to show extreme features and put his feelings and preferences on display, as well as enthusiasm in the perception of everything new.

Handwriting kneeling to the left often indicates a discrepancy between a person's personal inclinations and the external conditions of upbringing and life.

If the handwriting is vertical, without a slope, then this indicates a balance between the mind and feelings and at the same time restraint of a person.

4. The size of the letters.

Large handwriting often indicates sensuality of attraction, energy in communication and impracticality in life, as well as a lack of objective self-esteem.

Small handwriting is more typical for people who are reserved, observant and at the same time very closed, not inclined to talk about themselves.

Concise handwriting characterizes its owner as very thrifty, economical and reserved.

5. Spacing between words and lines.

If there are almost no gaps in the handwriting and it seems that the words are crawling on top of each other, then we can talk about a person's frugality, sometimes turning into stinginess.

If the text is full of empty spaces both between words and between lines, then this is evidence of generosity, sometimes bordering on extravagance.

6. Signature.

A signature without a stroke is evidence of taste and restraint.

If the signature is supplemented with a direct stroke, then this indicates the energy of a person, his determination and courage.

A wavy stroke testifies to diplomacy and the ability to bypass "sharp corners".

Emphasizing the painting is a sign of a developed sense of self-worth.

The signature rising up indicates ambition.

If the signature ends with a period, we are talking about a person prone to introspection and able to bring things to the end.

If the signature is made in very large letters, this indicates that its owner is concerned about his image and is probably trying to create a deceptive impression of himself among others.

Here are some of the highlights in a nutshell. Of course, one cannot judge a person only by them, there must be a comprehensive analysis of handwriting. For those wishing to expand their knowledge, there is literature, which we will consider below.

Calligraphic handwriting

It is believed that the excessive calligraphy of ordinary everyday handwriting (if it is not a congratulation on a postcard) reflects the manifestation of an enhanced Super-Ego to the detriment of a person’s individuality and originality.

Those. adherence to the standard, combined with decoration and stylization, reflects a stereotyped perception and thinking.

That is why teachers should not demand from students, especially primary classes, excessive external beauty of handwriting. It is much more important to teach the child to harmoniously distribute pressure in handwriting.

For information: Handwriting as an indicator of character and individuality was noted in the 11th century by the Chinese philosopher and artist Guo Zhuo Su in his book Notes on Painting.

Go Ruo-hsu. "Notes on painting: what he saw and heard." Publisher: Science. 1978

National features of handwriting

A small excerpt from the book I.V. Belova secrets of handwriting. 20 personality types 20 handwriting types.

“It is not difficult to see the differences in the spelling of the letters used by people from different countries. These handwriting features reflect only the most typical manifestations of national characteristics.

Spaniards tend to capitalize in a frilly and swirly manner, which speaks to their proud and romantic nature.
The French write much smaller and their handwriting reflects a more logical approach to life.
Italian writing, with its simple small letters and graceful large letters, testifies to a sense of rhythm and grace.
Russian emotional, sociable nature is reflected in a sweeping, large handwriting.

German handwriting is more angular and meticulous than that of other nations.

The British handwriting is restrained, simple, without flourishes and curlicues.
American handwriting - free and sweeping".

Mind and handwriting

A smart person is, first of all, a high level of individuality, independent thinking.

So how do these signs appear in handwriting?

The most important thing is not a banal handwriting. Not necessarily original, but certainly bearing its own individual traits.

Excessive exaggeration through various handwriting decorations is not a manifestation of the mind, but only a desire to impress, i.e. seem, not be.

"Smart" form of handwriting is productive, saves the effort of the hand, reduces the time of writing letters.

The higher the development of a person, the more aspects of the soul reveals his handwriting.

It turns out that there is so much hidden meaning in ordinary handwriting. Even so, it is worth taking a closer look at Graphology.

Temperament and handwriting

Each temperament, in addition to their inherent gestures and movements, has inherent features of handwriting.

People are refined, elegant by nature - this also affects the handwriting - refined, elegant with beautifully rounded letters, even and neatly arranged lines.

In straight, open natures, the handwriting is devoid of frills, the words are written out in jerky divergent lines.

In the writing of cruel, resolute people, the letters are usually sharp, in soft and good-natured people they are rounded.

Rude and vulgar people write floridly, decorating capital letters with ridiculous curlicues.

Here is an example of how Inessa Goldberg defines the preconditions for handwriting analysis in her book Handwriting Language, or Problems on Paper.

“Maximum information content and reliability depend not only on the professionalism of the graphologist, but also on the quality and quantity of the studied material”.

“Rules for preparing high-quality material for handwriting analysis.

1.Writing utensils, table.
Only a clean white sheet (without cells and stripes) of A4 format is suitable for the sample, under which should be placed several sheets of paper (too hard or soft onthe surface distorts the handwriting). The surface of the desk is free of cracks and irregularities.
Write only with a ballpoint pen (preferably blue), which does not leak and works well.

2. Condition, posture.
Posture - comfortable, sitting at the table; mood is relatively calm.

3. What and how to write.
Text: volume - arbitrary; the content is arbitrary, it doesn't matter. Byany free topic that comes to mind will come up: offer to write about yourself, aboutholidays, about children, etc.The most important requirement is to write at the usual pace, spontaneously, without copyingwai, not from dictation, and not poems in a column. Then - sign.

4. Language.
Write in your native language, for bilinguals write in both languages. Languages ​​can be any(except hieroglyphs).

Why all this is needed - it is better to learn from the book itself And Goldberg.

So, we got a general idea about the subject of Graphology. To deepen our knowledge, we turn to book sources.

But let's remember that experience comes with practice. Of course, self-study deserves respect, but from time to time questions arise that require explanation, which are difficult to find in books. It is important here that these explanations be given by an experienced professional.

Review of books on the topic "Graphology"

Zuev-Insarov D.M. "Handwriting and Personality". Publisher: "LTD", "Perlit production". 1992

D.M. Zuev-Insarov - the largest Russian graphologist, chairman of the Russian Scientific Graphological Society.

Reprinted for the first time since 1929, the book outlines in a simple and accessible form the principles of assessing the handwriting of a person's character traits.

The book contains various samples of handwriting, their detailed characteristics are given. Characterological transcripts of handwritings of famous people are also given, for example, Sergei Yesenin, Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Alexander Pushkin and others.

A bibliography of books published at that time in various countries is given.

You can start with this book, at least it is written by a practitioner.

One of the most famous books, published in St. Petersburg in 1903 and republished in 1994, is I.F. Morgenstern. "Psychographology. The science of determining the character and inclinations of people by his handwriting.

Two editions:
1.I. Morgenstern. "Psychography". Peter. 1994
2. I. F. Morgenstern. "Psychographology. The science of determining the character and inclinations of people by his handwriting. Typography "Science". 2006

The book of the famous psychographologist I. Morgenstern tells about the history of graphology, provides a psychographological description of several hundred handwritings.

Here are some interesting excerpts from the book:
Mind
« The letters are straight, one-piece, without decorations; the same distance between words; for the most part, the absence of large letters, illegible ones come across; round letters. Usually s, c, d come out not quite finished».

stupidity
« Elongated, sparsely placed letters with originally decorated hooks. Unequal spacing between words, sometimes pressing in capital letters - when trying to bring them out architecturally, to give them a rounded shape and make them thin and graceful; attention should be paid to unequal pressures.

High growth
“Letters at the end of the line end with a smooth stroke, the handwriting is not solid, but in places there is pressure. The letters are not tangled and go in even rows; most of the words are not transferred to another line".

low stature
“Letters decorated with sweeping strokes, strongly elongated, as if they wanted to give them growth; the end of the word is either not added, or transferred to another line, leaving free space ".

brunettes
“Rising lines; in addition, the letters are drawn very carefully, with a desire to give them a beautiful shape, which is especially evident in the hooks of capital letters; the letters themselves are raised".

Blondes
“Smooth lines, small letters; at the end of the line, the letters become narrower; The handwriting is legible, not stretched.

The book provides a detailed analysis of the psychographological laws of handwriting. All letters and their graphological features are described.

A separate chapter is devoted to children's handwriting. Handwritings of people with deviations in mental and physical relations are given.

An analysis of the handwriting of famous historical figures is given. The reader will learn how the nature of the letter changes with age, will be able to determine his own hidden possibilities by his own handwriting.

V. Mayatsky V. Graphology. Moscow, 1907. Reprinted in 1990 (reprint).

Mayatsky. "Graphology". 1990

A very simple, small book - a pamphlet written back in Tsarist Russia. Contains a microstructural typological analysis of each letter. As an addition to other books. Below is the contents of the book.

Author's series of books "Handwriting Secrets" by Inessa Goldberg includes 8 editions:
1. Tutorial "How to decipher handwriting or Graphology step by step".
2. Textbook "Handwriting and personality types."
3. The book "Handwriting and your success."
4. The book "Handwriting and your personal life."
5. The book "Handwriting is the Mirror of the Soul".
6. The book "Secrets of Handwriting - What is written in the family."
7. The book "Language of Handwriting or Problems on Paper".
8. Selected series "Psychology of Handwriting".

These are systematized textbooks on the basics of the graphological method, as well as popular scientific publications devoted to various aspects of the application of graphology.

Solomevich V.I. Ulasevich V.I. "Handwriting and character". "AST" 2009

In addition to the basics, this book will introduce you to the graphological analysis of the handwriting of some famous politicians, athletes, and popular stage and film artists.

Judith Norman. What does the handwriting say. Graphology for Beginners. Vector. 2010

Sara Dorothy. “Secrets of handwriting. How to determine the traits of your character by handwriting. AST. 1998

Books by Ilya Shchegolev

Ilya Schegolev- a specialist in the field of graphology and psychology of management, educated at the Faculty of Psychology of St. Petersburg State University, author of the bestseller "Handwriting Secrets". Together with his team, he is working to popularize and disseminate applied methods of graphology in Russia and the CIS countries.

Ilya Shchegolev. "Handwriting Secrets". Phoenix. 2011
Ilya Shchegolev. "16 types of handwriting". Peter. 2005
Ilya Shchegolev. “Mysteries of handwriting. From a small letter to a great destiny. Phoenix. 2011

Books by Yuri Chernov

Yuri Georgievich Chernov— Candidate of Technical Sciences, software developer, psychologist with a certificate in business psychology, member of the Swiss Graphological Society, regularly takes part in various congresses and conferences on handwriting analysis.

Ilya Shchegolev, Yuri Chernov. "Handwriting Secrets"(+ CD-ROM). "Eksmo". 2008

On the disk is a unique program for analyzing handwriting and drawing up a psychological portrait of a person from handwriting.

Yuri Chernov. "Psychological analysis of handwriting". Genesis. 2011
The author considers the problem at the intersection of disciplines - psychology, medicine, forensics, touches on issues of diagnostics, forensic handwriting, etc. But the main attention is directed to the psychology of handwriting.

Yuri Chernov. "Handwriting analysis in work with personnel". BHV-Petersburg. 2012
The book talks about how to use handwriting analysis in frame diagnostics. The book systematically considers all stages of work with personnel through the prism of handwriting analysis.

1. I. Belov. "Handwriting Secrets. 20 personality types. 20 types of handwriting. Harvest. 2007
2. Isaeva E.L. "Practical graphology: how to recognize character from handwriting". Ripol Classic. 2010
3. Hayk Naj (O.K. Nadzhimov). "Know the character of a person by his signature or practical graphology".
4. Vladimir Taranenko. “Handwriting, portrait, character. Hidden psychodiagnostics in practical presentation. Nika Center. 2008

5. Irina Ulezko. "Character and Handwriting". AST. 2009
6. Vera Nadezhdina. “Secrets of handwriting. Step by step". Harvest. 2009
7. Alexander Farmagey. Graphology as a science and not only. Nika Center. 2010
8. A. Sokolova. Graphology is the key to character. Ripol Classic. 2013

9. E. P. Ishchenko. Let's talk about graphology. Handwriting is the mirror of the soul. Avenue. 2015
10. S.Yu. Aleskovsky, Ya.V. Komissarov. "Fundamentals of Graphology". Yurlitinform. 2008
The teaching aid discusses the main provisions of the graphological (psychological and handwriting) method of personality research, as well as the history of the formation of graphology and its current state.
11. T. I. Eremina. "Visual psychodiagnostics". Phoenix. 2012
In addition to physiognomy, other visual means of personality research are also given (psychogeometry, graphology, analysis of color preferences, clothes, interpretation of human drawings).
12. B. Higir. "Graphology. Recognize character by handwriting. Publisher: Amrita-Rus 2014

13. Potemkina O. F., Potemkina E. V. “Psychological analysis of drawing and text”. Publisher: Speech. 2006
14. E. Sudilovskaya. "Understanding the handwriting. Graphology (+ CD with the program). Peter. 2007
15. Kravchenko V.I. "Graphology: character from handwriting". Educational-methodical manual GUAP. 2006
16. Petrosyan A.E., Petrosyan Yu.S. "How to talk handwriting (practical graphology)". Publishing house of the Tver University of Business. 1995

And be sure to have a few books on handwriting.

17. Orlova V.F. (scientific ed.). "Forensic handwriting examination: general part". The science. 2006
18. Mantsvetova A.I., Orlova V.F., Slavutskaya I.A. "Theoretical (natural-science) foundations of forensic handwriting." The science. 2006
19. Bastrykin A.I. "A forensic study of writing". Tutorial. 2002
20. Orlova V.F. "Forensic Handwriting Diagnostics". Tutorial. Unity - Dana. 2012

And at the end of the review I will add a magazine "Scientific Graphology" http://inessa-goldberg.ru/portal-magazine/

The international journal in Russian "Scientific Graphology" is a non-commercial project of the Institute of Graph Analysis of Inessa Goldberg. She is also the editor-in-chief of the magazine.

This is how we got to know Graphology. I think a lot of people are interested in this topic.

Start with the basic books listed at the beginning. Each book gives something new, not in the sense of basic principles - they are repeated, but in the sense of nuances. But it is the knowledge of the nuances that defines the Master.

I wish you success in mastering new Knowledge!

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There will be questions, write in the comments.

Sincerely, Nikolay Medvedev.