Story. Electric lamp plant Melz Elektrozavodskaya
In Soviet times, as a defense industry enterprise, MELZ, in addition to its open name, bore a serial number, then - post office box 3843.
During its period of greatest prosperity (early 80s) it was an association of a number of manufacturing enterprises, including:
- Moscow Electric Vacuum Devices Plant (MZEVP) is the parent enterprise;
- Moscow plant "Tsvet";
- Moscow Instrument Plant;
- Special design bureau "MELZ" ("OKB "MELZ");
- Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Devices (“NIIEPR”);
- Voronezh
- Zaprudnensky plant of electric vacuum devices;
- Plant "Indicator" in Usman;
- Volnogorsk glass factory.
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Subtitles
Story
1906 Engineer Naum Kolmanok organizes the first electric lamp workshop in Russia;
1907 The workshop begins to produce electric lighting lamps;
1913 The factory is transformed into JSC "Russian Electric Lamp";
1915 JSC Provodnik acquires a wetland in the area where the Khapilovka River flows into the Yauza near General (now Elektrozavodskaya) Street;
1921 The Moscow Association of Electric Lamp Factories (MOFEL) was created;
1927 The problem of obtaining tungsten wire was solved (the so-called “tungsten question”);
1928 On November 4, the official launch of the Moscow Electric Plant took place with the participation of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy V.V. Kuibysheva. The Moscow Electric Plant was created on the territory of the former JSC Provodnik by decision of the State Electrotechnical Trust (SET), adopted at the end of 1925 in order to ensure the implementation of the GOELRO plan. All Moscow electric lamp factories are being transferred here;
1929 Victory was developed at the Moscow Electric Plant.
1930 October 3 MELZ, the first among the industrial enterprises of the USSR, was awarded the Order of Lenin No. 2 - officially: for patronage of the state farm. The awarding of the order took place in June 1931.
1933 Beginning of small-scale pilot production of gas-discharge low-pressure sodium lamps and;
1937 Lamps were made to illuminate the ruby stars of the Moscow Kremlin;
1970 At an international exhibition in France, the Electronics VL-100 TV was recognized as the model of the year;
1974 The production of missile guidance systems was mastered;
1977 Serial production of electron-optical converters began;
1977 The enterprise was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for production achievements and in connection with the 70th anniversary of the MELZ association;
1978 The production of small-sized color televisions Electronics Ts-401 began;
1979 Pilot production of optical quantum generators was launched;
1980 The plant's products are exported to more than thirty countries;
1990 The number of picture tubes produced reaches five million units per year;
1996 The production of glass containers was organized. The plant was transformed into OJSC "MELZ";
1999 The first pilot batch of high-pressure sodium lamps HPS for outdoor lighting based on components from China was released;
2007 On the basis of the property of the OJSC, the enterprises LLC MELZ-EVP and LLC MELZ-FEU were created. Production equipment was moved to Zelenograd to the territory of the former Elma plant. The main product range of these enterprises are, respectively, electron-optical converters and photoelectronic multipliers.
The Gothic building of the plant, designed by the architect G. P. Evlanov in 1914, for the Riga Partnership of Russian-French Rubber and Telegraph Factories, which evacuated the enterprise from Riga under the threat of German occupation, was transferred in 2009 to the JSC Electrozavod Holding Company.
In August 2012, the real estate of the liquidated MELZ plant was included in the research and production cluster NPO Pulsar in Moscow. The cluster unites the enterprises of Russian Electronics OJSC - the state plant "Pulsar", the enterprise "Optron", OKB "MELZ" and the Central Design Bureau of Special Radio Materials. As part of the cluster, the plant will be engaged in the serial production of silicon microwave electronic components, modules and integrated systems, ultra-energy efficient LED lighting devices, components of telecommunications equipment, as well as equipment for intelligent management of energy costs in housing and communal services and industry
K:Enterprises founded in 1907Moscow Electric Tube Plant (MELZ) - the oldest enterprise in the Soviet and Russian electronics industry. Manufacturer of various refractory metals, electric vacuum and gas discharge devices, etc. Founder of serial production of incandescent lamps in Russia.
During its period of greatest prosperity (early 80s) it was an association of a number of manufacturing enterprises, including:
- Moscow Electric Vacuum Devices Plant (MZEVP) is the parent enterprise;
- Moscow plant "Tsvet";
- Moscow Instrument Plant;
- Special design bureau "MELZ" ("OKB "MELZ");
- Scientific Research Institute of Electronic Devices (“NIIEPR”);
- Voronezh
- Zaprudnensky plant of electric vacuum devices;
- Plant "Indicator" in Usman;
- Volnogorsk glass factory.
Story
1921 The Moscow Association of Electric Lamp Factories (MOFEL) was created;
1927 The problem of obtaining tungsten wire was solved (the so-called “tungsten issue”);
1928 On November 4, the official launch of the Moscow Electric Plant took place with the participation of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy V.V. Kuibysheva. The Moscow Electric Plant was created on the territory of the former JSC Provodnik by decision of the State Electrotechnical Trust (SET), adopted at the end of 1925 in order to ensure the implementation of the GOELRO plan. All Moscow electric lamp factories are being transferred here;
1929 Victory was developed at the Moscow Electric Plant.
1930 October 3 MELZ, the first among the industrial enterprises of the USSR, was awarded the Order of Lenin No. 2 - officially: for patronage of the state farm. The awarding of the order took place in June 1931.
1933 Start of small-scale pilot production of low-pressure gas-discharge sodium lamps and;
1937 Lamps were made to illuminate the ruby stars of the Moscow Kremlin;
1970 At the international exhibition in France, the TV Electronics VL-100 was recognized as the model of the year;
1974 The production of missile guidance systems was mastered;
1977 Serial production of electro-optical converters began;
1977 The enterprise was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for production achievements and in connection with the 70th anniversary of the MELZ association;
1978 The production of small-sized color televisions Electronics Ts-401 began;
1979 Pilot production of optical quantum generators was launched;
1980 The plant's products are exported to more than thirty countries;
1990 The number of picture tubes produced reaches five million units per year;
1996 The production of glass containers was organized. The plant was transformed into OJSC "MELZ";
1999 The first pilot batch of high-pressure sodium lamps HPS for outdoor lighting based on components from China was produced;
2007 On the basis of the property of the OJSC, the enterprises LLC MELZ-EVP and LLC MELZ-FEU were created. Production equipment was moved to Zelenograd to the territory of the former Elma plant. The main product range of these enterprises are, respectively, electron-optical converters and photomultipliers.
The Gothic building of the plant, designed by the architect G.P. Evlanov in 1914, for the Riga Partnership of Russian-French Rubber and Telegraph Factories, which evacuated the enterprise from Riga under the threat of German occupation, was transferred in 2009 to the JSC Electrozavod Holding Company.
In August 2012, the real estate of the liquidated MELZ plant was included in the research and production cluster NPO Pulsar in Moscow. The cluster unites the enterprises of Russian Electronics OJSC - the state plant "Pulsar", the enterprise "Optron", OKB "MELZ" and the Central Design Bureau of Special Radio Materials. As part of the cluster, the plant will be engaged in the serial production of silicon microwave electronic components, modules and integrated systems, ultra-energy efficient LED lighting devices, components of telecommunications equipment, as well as equipment for intelligent management of energy costs in housing and communal services and industry
Managers
Over the years, the plant was led by:
- Vinogradov V. I.
- Lapshin V. G.
- Polivin S. N.
- Kalabukhov P.V.
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Literature
- “Plant and People”, Publishing House “Energia”, Moscow 1967
- “Plant Today and Tomorrow”, Publishing House “Planet”, Moscow 1979
- "Moscow". Encyclopedia, Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", Moscow 1980.
- “To whom time obeys”, Publishing house “Znanie”, Moscow 1985.
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An excerpt characterizing the Moscow Electric Tube Plant
Bogucharovo was always, before Prince Andrei settled there, an estate behind the eyes, and the Bogucharovo men had a completely different character from the Lysogorsk men. They differed from them in their speech, clothing, and morals. They were called steppe. The old prince praised them for their tolerance at work when they came to help with cleaning in the Bald Mountains or digging ponds and ditches, but did not like them for their savagery.
Prince Andrei's last stay in Bogucharovo, with its innovations - hospitals, schools and ease of rent - did not soften their morals, but, on the contrary, strengthened in them those character traits that the old prince called savagery. There were always some vague rumors going around between them, either about the enumeration of all of them as Cossacks, then about the new faith to which they would be converted, then about some royal sheets, then about the oath to Pavel Petrovich in 1797 (about which they said that back then the will came out, but the gentlemen took it away), then about Peter Feodorovich, who will reign in seven years, under whom everything will be free and it will be so simple that nothing will happen. Rumors about the war in Bonaparte and his invasion were combined for them with the same unclear ideas about the Antichrist, the end of the world and pure will.
In the vicinity of Bogucharovo there were more and more large villages, state-owned and quitrent landowners. There were very few landowners living in this area; There were also very few servants and literate people, and in the life of the peasants of this area, those mysterious currents of Russian folk life, the causes and significance of which are inexplicable to contemporaries, were more noticeable and stronger than in others. One of these phenomena was the movement that appeared about twenty years ago between the peasants of this area to move to some warm rivers. Hundreds of peasants, including those from Bogucharov, suddenly began to sell their livestock and leave with their families somewhere to the southeast. Like birds flying somewhere across the seas, these people with their wives and children strove to the southeast, where none of them had been. They went up in caravans, bathed one by one, ran, and rode, and went there, to the warm rivers. Many were punished, exiled to Siberia, many died of cold and hunger along the way, many returned on their own, and the movement died down by itself just as it had begun without an obvious reason. But the underwater currents did not stop flowing in this people and were gathering for some new force, which was about to manifest itself just as strangely, unexpectedly and at the same time simply, naturally and strongly. Now, in 1812, for a person who lived close to the people, it was noticeable that these underwater jets were doing strong work and were close to manifestation.
Alpatych, having arrived in Bogucharovo some time before the death of the old prince, noticed that there was unrest among the people and that, contrary to what was happening in the Bald Mountains strip on a sixty-verst radius, where all the peasants left (letting the Cossacks ruin their villages), in the steppe strip , in Bogucharovskaya, the peasants, as was heard, had relations with the French, received some papers that passed between them, and remained in place. He knew through the servants loyal to him that the other day the peasant Karp, who had a great influence on the world, was traveling with a government cart, returned with the news that the Cossacks were ruining the villages from which the inhabitants were leaving, but that the French were not touching them. He knew that yesterday another man had even brought from the village of Visloukhova - where the French were stationed - a paper from the French general, in which the residents were told that no harm would be done to them and that they would pay for everything that was taken from them if they stayed. To prove this, the man brought from Visloukhov one hundred rubles in banknotes (he did not know that they were counterfeit), given to him in advance for the hay.
Finally, and most importantly, Alpatych knew that on the very day he ordered the headman to collect carts to take the princess’s train from Bogucharovo, there was a meeting in the village in the morning, at which it was supposed not to be taken out and to wait. Meanwhile, time was running out. The leader, on the day of the prince’s death, August 15, insisted to Princess Mary that she leave on the same day, as it was becoming dangerous. He said that after the 16th he is not responsible for anything. On the day of the prince’s death, he left in the evening, but promised to come to the funeral the next day. But the next day he could not come, since, according to the news he himself received, the French had unexpectedly moved, and he only managed to take his family and everything valuable from his estate.
For about thirty years Bogucharov was ruled by the elder Dron, whom the old prince called Dronushka.
Dron was one of those physically and morally strong men who, as soon as they get old, grow a beard, and so, without changing, live up to sixty or seventy years, without a single gray hair or missing tooth, just as straight and strong at sixty years old , just like at thirty.
Dron, soon after moving to the warm rivers, in which he participated, like others, was made head mayor in Bogucharovo and since then he has served in this position impeccably for twenty-three years. The men were more afraid of him than the master. The gentlemen, the old prince, the young prince, and the manager, respected him and jokingly called him minister. Throughout his service, Dron was never drunk or sick; never, neither after sleepless nights, nor after any kind of work, did he show the slightest fatigue and, not knowing how to read and write, never forgot a single account of money and pounds of flour for the huge carts that he sold, and not a single shock of snakes for bread on every tithe of Bogucharovo fields.
This Drona Alpatych, who came from the devastated Bald Mountains, called to him on the day of the prince’s funeral and ordered him to prepare twelve horses for the princess’s carriages and eighteen carts for the convoy, which was to be raised from Bogucharovo. Although the men were given quitrents, the execution of this order could not encounter difficulties, according to Alpatych, since in Bogucharovo there were two hundred and thirty taxes and the men were wealthy. But Headman Dron, having listened to the order, silently lowered his eyes. Alpatych named him the men whom he knew and from whom he ordered the carts to be taken.
Dron replied that these men had horses as carriers. Alpatych named other men, and those horses did not have, according to Dron, some were under government carts, others were powerless, and others had horses that died from lack of food. Horses, according to Dron, could not be collected not only for the convoy, but also for the carriages.
Alpatych looked carefully at Dron and frowned. Just as Dron was an exemplary peasant headman, it was not for nothing that Alpatych managed the prince’s estates for twenty years and was an exemplary manager. He was eminently able to understand instinctively the needs and instincts of the people with whom he dealt, and therefore he was an excellent manager. Looking at Dron, he immediately realized that Dron’s answers were not an expression of Dron’s thoughts, but an expression of the general mood of the Bogucharov world, which the headman was already captured by. But at the same time, he knew that Dron, who had profited and was hated by the world, had to oscillate between two camps - the master's and the peasant's. He noticed this hesitation in his gaze, and therefore Alpatych, frowning, moved closer to Dron.
- You, Dronushka, listen! - he said. - Don't tell me nothing. His Excellency Prince Andrei Nikolaich themselves ordered me to send all the people and not stay with the enemy, and there is a royal order for this. And whoever remains is a traitor to the king. Do you hear?
“I’m listening,” Dron answered without raising his eyes.
Alpatych was not satisfied with this answer.
- Hey, Drone, this will be bad! - Alpatych said, shaking his head.
- The power is yours! - Dron said sadly.
- Hey, Drone, leave it! - Alpatych repeated, taking his hand out of his bosom and with a solemn gesture pointing it to the floor at Dron’s feet. “It’s not that I can see right through you, I can see right through everything three arshins below you,” he said, peering at the floor at Dron’s feet.
Drone became embarrassed, glanced briefly at Alpatych and lowered his eyes again.
“You leave the nonsense and tell the people to get ready to leave their houses for Moscow and prepare carts tomorrow morning for the princesses’ train, but don’t go to the meeting yourself.” Do you hear?
The drone suddenly fell at his feet.
- Yakov Alpatych, fire me! Take the keys from me, dismiss me for Christ's sake.
- Leave it! - Alpatych said sternly. “I can see three arshins right under you,” he repeated, knowing that his skill in following bees, his knowledge of when to sow oats, and the fact that for twenty years he knew how to please the old prince had long ago gained him the reputation of a sorcerer and that his ability to see three arshins under a person is attributed to sorcerers.
The drone stood up and wanted to say something, but Alpatych interrupted him:
- What did you think of this? Eh?.. What do you think? A?
– What should I do with the people? - said Dron. - It completely exploded. That's what I tell them...
“That’s what I’m saying,” said Alpatych. - Do they drink? – he asked briefly.
An object:
Electric lamp plant (V.A.V.S.)
Address of the object:
Moscow region, st. Shakhovskaya
Installed equipment:
- Heat generator 260 kW
with high-pressure fan (900 Pa). - Gas burner RG30-N.
Stationary heat generators with the possibility of using ventilation ducts
About the object:
International holding V.A.V.S. (founded in 2002) specializes in the production and sale of modern lighting products and occupies a leading position in the Russian market of electric lamps (more than 50%). A significant share of the holding’s products is produced by the ultra-modern giant electric lamp plant V.A.V.S, located in the Moscow region (Shakhovskaya village). In terms of production volume, range and quality of light sources, the new plant competes with the most famous European manufacturers of energy-saving light sources of the new generation.
A very unusual project: interesting because heat generators are used not for heating the room air, but for providing hot air for the technological process production of fluorescent lamps in Shakhovskaya, Moscow region. The plant is equipped with a line for the production of fluorescent lamps of any standard sizes, into which the specialists of TC Group Energy LLC included heat generators that supply hot air. Line power is 2,000 lamps per hour.
Exercise:
The technological process of lamp production involves the use of hot air to solve two problems:
1. at the very beginning of the technological process - for drying washed glass tubes
2. drying the tubes after applying phosphor to them.
Result:
To solve the first problem, a 250 kW heat generator is used: it supplies air heated to 60 ° C.
To dry the tubes after applying the phosphor, a second heat generator (with a power of 420 kW) is intended; it supplies hotter air - 90 ° C. The accuracy of maintaining the temperature is ensured by thermostats of the heat generators, which turn off the burner when the required temperature is reached.
The air supplied to the drying chamber is taken by heat generators directly from the workshop premises (the workshop air has a temperature of approximately 15° C). Thus, the temperature delta is 45 and 75° C, respectively. To achieve higher parameters than in the standard configuration, it was necessary to modify the heat generators - increasing the heat exchanger area, changing the automation parameters, installing adjustable blinds on the air intake openings.
The designed air flow of each heat generator is 12,000 m 3 /h, which is equivalent to the air flow of each of the two exhaust fans already installed by the customer to extract air from the drying chamber. To achieve the required level of air flow and supply air temperature, adjustable louvres were additionally installed on the air intake openings.
To ensure clean air supplied to the drying chamber, filters are provided at the air intake openings.
Heat generators are involved in one technological process, but operate independently, in a fully automatic mode. To reduce the cost of installing heat generators and reduce heat loss, we have reduced the length of the air ducts as much as possible, placing the heat generators directly on the platform above the drying chamber.
The history of the Moscow Electric Lamp Plant began with the electric lamp workshop named after. N. Kalmanka, organized in 1906 and two years later became a factory producing 300 thousand electric lamps per year.
In 1913, the factory named after. N. Kalmanka merged with the Kudrinsky electric lamp factory "Svet", which had been operating in Moscow since 1910. The combined production was named “Russian Electric Lamp”. In 1912, five lamp factories were already operating in Moscow. The enterprises worked on imported raw materials, parts were also supplied from abroad.
With the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the enterprise found itself in a difficult situation: all German craftsmen were expelled from Moscow, which sharply weakened the technical leadership, and the import of electric lamps and refractory metals - tungsten and molybdenum - into Russia was difficult. At the same time, the demand for electric lamps has increased significantly. A problem arose in the production of domestic glass.
Glass production was established within six months. By the end of 1915, the production of bases for electric lamps was established.
In 1918, all electric lamp factories were nationalized and transferred to the jurisdiction of the Electrical Department of the Supreme Council of National Economy (VSNKh). Most of them were inactive due to a shortage of raw materials and semi-finished products due to the cessation of imports of materials.
In 1921, the Moscow Association of Electric Lamp Factories was created. The restoration of production has begun. In 1923, new equipment was ordered from the USA for Soviet electric lamp factories. The association opened chemical, electrical testing and production laboratories, organized a technical department and a design bureau. The formation of the domestic electric lamp mechanical engineering began.
In 1926, designs for automobile and high-power gas-filled lamps were developed. Lamps began to be produced from domestic lead-free glass. Factories switched from a workshop production system to an in-line production system. The problem of obtaining tungsten wire was solved, and by the end of the year the first Soviet lamps with domestic tungsten were manufactured. The import of electric lamps stopped. The lamp production program amounted to 6,800 pieces per year.
The Moscow Electric Lamp Plant was the first and largest industrial complex in the country. In 1929, all the association's electric lamp factories were transferred under one roof. Thus, all electrical production in Moscow turned out to be concentrated in one enterprise. The concentration of electric lamp production made economic sense. Electric lamp factories began to generate significant income for the state. Using these funds, existing production facilities were reconstructed, and new ones were opened.
Tungsten production was separated into an independent department. It included chemical, metallurgical, wire (with a diamond workshop) and mechanical repair shops, hard alloy shops, laboratories: metallographic, chemical, x-ray, as well as research. All laboratories were united into the production research department (OPR). The electric lamp department included the production of gas-filled lamps, special lamps, as well as a branch of the Electrozavod - the Elokhovsky electric lamp factory.
In addition to tungsten and lamp, the plant included five more production departments: spotlight, transformer, tube, insulating and electric furnaces.
In the 1930s, the company achieved significant achievements. The production of tantalum was mastered, the secret of which at that time was owned by only two companies in the USA and Germany. A new type of vacuum electric lamps with a spiral filament body was developed and introduced, and a number of new light sources and gas discharge devices were mastered. Signal neon lamps were supplemented by high-voltage neon tubes, mercury-quartz lamps, and high-voltage indicators. A domestic substitute for platinum - the bimetal platinite - has been obtained and introduced into production, as well as the super-hard alloy will win. In 1931, MELZ was the first among the industrial enterprises of the USSR to be awarded the Order of Lenin.
In 1938, the Electric Plant was divided into several independent enterprises. Each of them had their own profile, although they were still located in the same building. The name of the MELZ plant dates back to this time.
The constant growth in the production of electric lamps required the creation of new equipment for electric lamp production. This task was assigned to the plant's mechanical engineering department. The department has mastered the production of forging machines and drawing machines for tungsten wire. For lamp production he manufactured oil vacuum pumps, automatic holder inserters, specialized machines, pumping machines and other equipment. The task of widespread automation and mechanization of production was put in first place.
The plant began to export its products. The first order was completed for China. Subsequently, electric lamps were exported to Turkey, Iran, and South American countries, and in 1939, exports to England began.
There was a need to provide production with highly qualified workers and engineering personnel. Even at the Elektrozavod, on the basis of the existing student team, a FZU (factory school) and electrical engineering courses named after Krasin were opened, which were then reorganized into a technical school. Courses for administrative workers and a department of engineers of a narrow specialty were organized. At the same time, in 1939, at the Moscow Mechanical Engineering Institute (now MSTU named after N.E. Bauman), a new specialty, “Electro-vacuum mechanical engineering,” was opened at the department of “Metal-cutting machines and tools.” Special faculties and departments were opened in other institutes in Moscow, Leningrad and Kyiv. The specialists needed for the electrovacuum industry were trained. Domestic electronics have become independent, independent of other countries.
With the outbreak of war in 1941, the plant switched to barracks status and worked around the clock. The best equipment was dismantled and evacuated to the east of the country. Electric lamp production was created in Siberia; both local workers and evacuated Muscovites worked here. The Moscow site of the plant also did not slow down the pace of work. A new workshop was created that carried out orders only for the front.
In 1942, the plant began producing radio tubes. In the same year, a large group of specialists arrived from besieged Leningrad from the Svetlana plant to Moscow, who, together with MELZ specialists, began creating a pilot production of special generator lamps intended for radar transmitters. Subsequently, the production of generator tubes became the basis for the creation of a new department of cathode ray tubes.
After the end of the war, to restore the destroyed national economy and for the further development of science and technology, the country needed new, more complex electronic devices. For their development and early introduction into mass production, a special design bureau was created in 1946 on the basis of the cathode ray tube department ( OKB). In less than a year, from June 1946 to March 1947, nine types of modern cathode ray tubes were developed, including the first television kinescope 18LK1B. In 1947, a special mechanical engineering design bureau (OKBM) was organized.
At first, OKBM developed the designs of individual machines: carousel machines, machines for pumping out cathode ray tubes, washing flasks, and others. After the expansion, OKBM began developing integrated assembly production lines. So in 1955, a production line for the production of fluorescent lamps was developed.
In 1957, the Moscow Electric Tube Plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in connection with its 50th anniversary. In 1958, the first domestic color mask kinescope 53LKZTs was released.
By 1965, the plant's production areas were reconstructed. They have more than doubled. The development of modern types of production made it possible to begin producing thirty-one types of new products. A computer center was set up at the plant. Work began to expand the production of color picture tubes. However, the production capacity was small, therefore, on the initiative of the director of MELZ (then it was called the Moscow Plant of Electrovacuum Devices - MZEVP), the construction of a new specialized plant "Chromatron" began in Golyanovo. Soon, by decision of the ministry, work began on organizing a production association, consisting of a number of peripheral industry enterprises, led by the Moscow Electric Vacuum Devices Plant.
The new association in 1969 received the name MELZ. The range of products produced at that time included about 800 items. The range of production was diverse: the production of metals, glass, lighting and radio lamps, xenon and mercury arc lamps, special-purpose cathode ray tubes and picture tubes, indicators, crystal products and others. In 1968, mass production of color picture tubes began. During this period, the tasks of improving the quality of manufactured devices and the level of automation of technological processes, which could not be solved without in-depth scientific research, came to the fore.
In the 70s, a large group of graduates of the specialty and the new department of the Moscow Higher Technical University came to MELZ. N. E. Bauman “Electrovacuum and semiconductor mechanical engineering.” Most of them became specialists of the highest level in a short time. It was during these years that MELZ mastered the production of missile guidance systems (1974), began production of electron-optical converters and photomultipliers (1977), and launched pilot production of quantum generators (1979). Production at the Chromatron plant, a specialized enterprise for the mass production of color picture tubes, has been fully mastered. A distinctive feature of this enterprise was a very high level of automation. All main operations were fully automated and mechanized, the main sections of the plant were connected by conveyor lines, and robotic manipulators carried out the transfer of picture tubes in most technological operations. The products of the association of this period are shown in the photograph.
In the mid-70s, the plant organized a central factory laboratory (CPL), which was engaged in optimizing technological processes for the production of electric vacuum devices.
In 1977, the MELZ association was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for production achievements and in connection with its 70th anniversary.
In 1983, a branch of the department “Electrovacuum and semiconductor mechanical engineering” of the Moscow Higher Technical University named after M.V. N. E. Bauman. Sites were allocated for organizing workplaces and a student design bureau. The production base was the central factory laboratory. Students had the opportunity not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge with practical skills at the enterprise, but also to solve specific problems required by the plant. To provide the plant with specialists, youth training was organized according to the “School - MVTU - MELZ” scheme.
In 1987, a new production facility was created for large-scale production of electron-optical converters (EOC).
The restructuring of government management mechanisms in the 80s had a strong impact on the plant's activities. The ruin of subcontractors, increased tariffs on energy resources and cargo transportation, and the exodus of suppliers of key materials abroad led to a significant reduction in production. Large production areas turned out to be unused. The company began to look for new forms of management. Lighting equipment began to occupy an increasingly smaller share in the enterprise's product range. A forced measure was the repurposing of a powerful glass workshop from the production of parts for picture tubes to the production of glass containers. This step allowed for some time not only to improve the economic performance of the plant, but also made it possible to maintain the traditional activities of MELZ with simultaneous reorganization into research and production complexes.
In 1993, the joint-stock company MELZ-INVEST was organized on the basis of the capital construction department. The new enterprise was designed to solve issues of construction and investment, solving various problems in the absence of government orders. Over the years, the company has successfully implemented both for the needs of the plant and for external customers such projects as: capital construction of buildings for various purposes, supply of cargo and special equipment, development and automation of basic enterprise management processes.
The research and production complexes created in the mid-90s were able to begin restoring production in those areas that were the glory of the plant. MELZ was corporatized in 1996. The enterprise was transformed into OJSC "MELZ". Belonging to Moscow industry, on the one hand, supported the prestige of the enterprise, but, on the other hand, exerted noticeable pressure on the economic performance of the plant. It became increasingly obvious that the future of MELZ was connected with high-tech products that required less energy resources and production space. At this moment, the main product range of the Moscow Electric Tube Plant became electric vacuum devices.
The production of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) has shown stable growth. Currently, 10 types of PMT devices are produced. Preparations are underway for serial production of new types of devices. In 2005, a new device was developed, opening the family of photomultipliers for new generation geophysical equipment. A significant increase in the long-term demand for photoelectric recording instruments, especially their high-temperature modifications, operating in downhole equipment is expected.
In the last few years, MELZ has seen a significant increase in production in terms of volume and range of oscillographic, indicator, storage and projection cathode ray tubes (CRTs). MELZ's share of the special CRT market reaches 90%. According to marketing research, an alternative to cathode ray tubes will not appear on the Russian market in the coming years. Only phosphor screens allow you to visualize short-pulse signals and control the movement of several objects on one monitor. Neither liquid crystal nor plasma panels have such properties due to their design features.
In connection with the spread of the strategy of night warfare, interest in night vision technology is steadily increasing, which stimulates its further improvement. At the same time, the tactical and technical characteristics of night vision devices are practically determined by the characteristics of electron-optical converters (EOC). To improve the technical characteristics of the image intensifier tube, in 2005, equipment was purchased from a leading European manufacturer, the Dutch company DEP, to implement a new technology for the manufacture of generation 2+ devices. To date, MELZ has produced samples of image intensifier tubes with characteristics exceeding those of similar products from other Russian manufacturers and capable of competing with the products of European and, especially, Asian companies. There are only a few companies in the world capable of producing similar products. This is due not only to its high science intensity, but also to the need to have a school of developers, scientific personnel and technologists that has been developing over the years.
In 2008, OJSC MELZ was liquidated. At the same time, MELZ-EVP LLC was formed in the city of Zelenograd.
Currently, CJSC MELZ-INVEST officially owns the rights to the trademark MELZ, the logo of the plant, and under this brand it carries out design developments, scientific research, and development of production technologies for electronic products. The story continues.
Materials used in preparation:
Yu.R. Stepanyants. Moscow Electric Tube Plant "MELZ" // Specialty "Electronic Engineering" at Moscow Higher Technical School named after. N.E. Bauman and Russia. Moscow, 2009