Federal rules of auditing standards approved by resolution. Federal auditing standards - Rossiyskaya Gazeta. In-house auditing standards

International auditing standards will be applied mandatory in 2018–2019. We will talk about the transition to new rules, their content and differences from the previous ones in this article.

Transition to international standards of external and internal audit in Russia in 2018 - 2019

In December 2014, Part 1 of Art. 7 of the Law “On Auditing Activity” dated December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 307-FZ), dedicated to auditing standards. According to the current version of Art. 7 of Law No. 307-FZ, auditing activities are carried out only in accordance with international auditing standards (ISAs), which are recognized in Russia (the recognition procedure is introduced by the Government of the Russian Federation).

ISAs are mandatory for everyone:

auditors;
audit organizations;
SRO auditors and employees of such SROs.

However, at the time of making these changes to the legislation, there were no ISAs recognized in Russia yet, and the procedure for their recognition had not been approved.

In 2015, work continued on the transition from domestic standards to ISA: Government Decree No. 576 dated June 11, 2015 approved the provision recognizing ISA as subject to application on the territory of the Russian Federation.

In 2016, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation published:

order dated November 9, 2016 No. 207n;
order dated October 24, 2016 No. 192n.

In 2017, the final stage of the transition to ISA took place: by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 23, 2017 No. 1289, the domestic rules - FPSAD (were introduced by Government Decree dated June 23, 2002 No. 696) were canceled in 2018.

Important! In 2019, Orders of the Ministry of Finance No. 207n and No. 192n were canceled and replaced by Order No. 2n dated January 09, 2019, which put into effect all ISAs on the territory of the Russian Federation (published on the official website of the department).

Classification of international standards, their contents

There are different types of audits; in addition, auditors provide audit-related services. The list of the latter was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 03/09/2017 No. 33n.

The set of international standards for auditing and related services consists of:

from 1 ISQC standard (International Quality Control Standard);
37 ISA standards (International Standards on Auditing);
2 IUCN standards (International Review Standards);
5 ISSA standards (International Standards for Assurance Engagements);
2 IASB standards (International Standards for Related Services);
1 of the International Report on Auditing Practices standard.

ISQC is dedicated to internal quality control in organizations providing audit services. It describes the elements of the quality control system, evaluation of work, elimination of deficiencies, etc.

ISAs can be grouped by content:

Disclosure of terms, purpose of the audit, responsibilities of the auditor (ISA 200, 220, etc.).
The work of the auditor: agreeing on the conditions of the tasks performed, planning, sampling, etc. (ISA 210, 300, 530...).
Auditor risks, working with them (ISA 240, 315, 330, 450).
Audit evidence, rules for working with information received from other auditors or a third party (ISA 500, 501, 505, 610).
Regulation of certain issues, for example, the procedure for interaction with enterprise managers (ISA 260), etc.

In addition to the above, there are internal audit standards developed by international organizations. They can be used by the competent department of the organization in their work.

Compliance with FPSAD and ISA

Previously, the following acted in the field of audit:

Federal rules and standards of auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (34 rules).
Federal auditing standards, approved. Ministry of Finance of Russia (9 rules).
Rules and standards for auditing activities, approved. Commission on Auditing Activities under the President of the Russian Federation.

Some of the domestic standards were completely identical to international rules. For example, FPSAD 29 is developed on the basis of ISA 610.

Another part of the standards had differences.

With the introduction of the ISA, all FPSADs were replaced (see Table 1), and some adjustments occurred in each regulated area.

Table 1

Which MSAs were replaced by FPSAD

Russian standards	International standards












FPSAD 5/2010
FPSAD 6/2010

In addition, ISAs have appeared that have no analogues in domestic practice (ISAs 265, 330, 450, etc.).

Conclusion! Thus, the regulatory regulation of auditing activities has become complete and modern.

International Review Standards (IUCN)

In 2018 - 2019 there are 2 IUCNs:

historical financial reporting review engagements (IUCN 2400);
Review of interim financial information (IUCN 2410).

IUCN 2400 applies to practitioners who review financial statements rather than audit them. It also indicates what the essence of the activities of such specialists is. They have to:

study, analyze the organization’s financial statements and obtain limited confidence in the absence of material misstatements of information;
submit a written opinion.

IUCN 2400 describes in detail how a specialist should work, what conclusions he can draw, and how the conclusion is drawn up.

IUCN 2410 contains similar rules, but they are applied by the auditor. As a result of the review, the auditor can first verify that there are no misstatements in financial information. However, they do not draw audit conclusions on the basis of one such inspection. Other work must be performed to provide an unambiguous audit report.

International Standards for Assurance Engagements (ISAE)

In addition to international auditing standards and IUCN, the so-called MSZOU - international standards for assurance engagements. There are 5 types in total.

What is the essence of MSZOU 3000:

The specialist receives a specific task to confirm a pre-conducted assessment or to independently assess the subject of the task in accordance with the criteria.
Confidence-building tasks. This is not an audit or a review of financial information, but an independent type of activity.
The following are not assurance engagements: preparation of tax returns and calculations, consulting, performance of agreed services and compilations, participation in litigation on accounting, auditing, etc.
As a result of completing the task, the specialist receives reasonable or limited confidence in the integrity of the information received.

MSZOU 3400 introduced a procedure for performing tasks to verify projected financial information and presenting an appropriate conclusion (is the information informative, is there a clear description of accounting policies, etc.).

MSZOU 3402 was developed for cases of audit by an auditor of a company (or rather its departments), the activities of which are related to the organization of internal controls regarding the preparation of financial statements.

The practitioner, by working in accordance with ISA 3410, obtains reasonable or limited assurance that the GHG emissions statements are free from misstatements.

Finally, ISA 3420 is used by the professional when conducting an examination to compile pro forma financial information included in a prospectus.

International Standards for Related Services (ISAS)

It is known that the auditor, in addition to the main audit activity, can provide related services. The procedure for their provision is established by ISSU 4400.

IASB 4410 is used by professionals performing tasks to compile historical financial information. In other words, an auditor or other employee of an audit organization can generate financial statements based on data provided by the client (if, of course, an agreement has been concluded for the provision of such services).

According to ISSU 4410:

This is not an assurance engagement and the practitioner is not required to obtain evidence of the accuracy and completeness of the information provided;
Management bears sole responsibility for the underlying financial information.

As a result of the completed engagement, the auditor submits a report on the compilation of financial information.

Other international acts related to auditing activities

In addition to the above standards, auditing activities are regulated by a number of regulations, such as:

International Report on Auditing Practices (IAP) 1000. This document provides practical assistance to auditors by detailing the financial instruments used by organizations of all types.
Audit Quality Framework: Key elements that shape the audit quality environment.
International concept of assurance assignments.
Glossary of terms used in ISA.
Structure of the collection of standards issued by the International Standards Board on Auditing and Assurance Engagements.
Preface to the collection of international standards for quality control, auditing and review, other assurance and related services engagements.

ISA structure

All ISAs, IUCNs, MSZOUs, MSSUs are structured in a similar way. The differences between them depend on the type of issue being regulated:

At the beginning of the document is its full title.
The introductory part, where the scope of application of the standard, the nature of the specialist’s responsibility, the purpose and nature of the task are written.
Procedure for applying the standard.
Date of entry into force of the act.
Terms with definitions used in this act.
Requirements for completing the task (each standard has its own).
Quality control by the manager.
The procedure for agreeing on a task with the management of the enterprise, information interaction with it.
Guidelines for completing the task (what a specialist should understand, what to develop, etc.).
Principles of forming a conclusion, writing a report, etc.

International Professional Standards for Internal Auditing

So, in Russia, international auditing standards are mandatory, the only ones for use in 2018 - 2019. Let's consider how this applies to the so-called internal auditors.

Internal auditors are their own inspection organizations. Their activities do not relate to the activities of auditors in the understanding of Law No. 307-FZ. This is directly stated in Part 2 of Art. 1 of Law No. 307-FZ.

International professional standards for internal auditing have already been mentioned above. Let us briefly highlight their contents:

The goals, powers and responsibilities of internal auditors are determined by a local act of the enterprise.
The same requirements are established for internal auditors as for auditors under Law No. 307-FZ: independence, objectivity, professionalism, prudence, business continuity.
A separate chapter is devoted to the management and management of the internal auditors department.
Brief instructions for the activity are given: drawing up a task plan, its goals, volume, content, etc.
A final conclusion is drawn up and risks are identified.

In domestic legislation there is a professional standard “Internal Auditor”, approved. Order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated June 24, 2015 No. 398n, according to which the internal auditor monitors the risk management system, corporate governance, monitors the safety of the organization’s assets and the reliability of information received by management, and compliance with the law.

Conclusion! Thus, it would be incorrect to say that internal auditors must strictly follow the rules of ISA. Internal audit performs broader control functions in relation to its organization, checking not only financial reporting, but also other areas.

Audit according to international financial reporting standards

In conclusion, I would like to talk a little about the audit for compliance with international financial reporting standards.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are standards that define the rules for preparing financial statements. Some of them become mandatory for use from 01/01/2018 (for example, IFRS 2).

The purpose of an IFRS audit is to form an opinion on the financial statements. The procedure for conducting it is established by ISA 700. Let's consider it:

The auditor must form his opinion on the financial statements of the enterprise based on the audit evidence obtained and clearly express it in the form of a written opinion.
With his opinion, the auditor confirms that the financial statements have been prepared in all material respects in accordance with IFRS.
To express the above opinion, the auditor must first ensure that the information provided is free from distortions or errors. Such conclusions are made in accordance with ISA 450.
The auditor's report on the compliance of financial statements with IFRS requirements is drawn up in writing. ISA 700 provides 4 examples of drawing up such a conclusion.

This order, in general, existed before, but some points were introduced and clarified by new acts.

In 2018 - 2019, the activities of auditors are regulated by international auditing standards, which:

professional terms are introduced and definitions are given;
the responsibilities of auditors are listed;
their activities are regulated, a clear goal and objectives are indicated;
examples of drawing up an audit report are given, etc.

In addition to direct auditing activities, separate international acts regulate audit-related services (reviews, etc.).

The rule on the mandatory application of ISAs does not apply to internal auditors, since their activities are carried out in accordance with the local act of the organization.

International auditing standards will be applied mandatory in 2018–2019. We will talk about the transition to new rules, their content and differences from the previous ones in this article.

Transition to international standards of external and internal audit in Russia in 2018 - 2019

ISAs are mandatory for everyone:

auditors;
audit organizations;
SRO auditors and employees of such SROs.

However, at the time of making these changes to the legislation, there were no ISAs recognized in Russia yet, and the procedure for their recognition had not been approved.

In 2016, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation published:

order dated November 9, 2016 No. 207n;
order dated October 24, 2016 No. 192n.

Classification of international standards, their contents

There are different types of audits; in addition, auditors provide audit-related services. The list of the latter was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 03/09/2017 No. 33n.

The set of international standards for auditing and related services consists of:

from 1 ISQC standard (International Quality Control Standard);
37 ISA standards (International Standards on Auditing);
2 IUCN standards (International Review Standards);
5 ISSA standards (International Standards for Assurance Engagements);
2 IASB standards (International Standards for Related Services);
1 of the International Report on Auditing Practices standard.

ISQC is dedicated to internal quality control in organizations providing audit services. It describes the elements of the quality control system, evaluation of work, elimination of deficiencies, etc.

ISAs can be grouped by content:

Disclosure of terms, purpose of the audit, responsibilities of the auditor (ISA 200, 220, etc.).
The work of the auditor: agreeing on the conditions of the tasks performed, planning, sampling, etc. (ISA 210, 300, 530...).
Auditor risks, working with them (ISA 240, 315, 330, 450).
Audit evidence, rules for working with information received from other auditors or a third party (ISA 500, 501, 505, 610).
Regulation of certain issues, for example, the procedure for interaction with enterprise managers (ISA 260), etc.

In addition to the above, there are internal audit standards developed by international organizations. They can be used by the competent department of the organization in their work.

Compliance with FPSAD and ISA

Previously, the following acted in the field of audit:

Federal rules and standards of auditing, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation (34 rules).
Federal auditing standards, approved. Ministry of Finance of Russia (9 rules).
Rules and standards for auditing activities, approved. Commission on Auditing Activities under the President of the Russian Federation.

Some of the domestic standards were completely identical to international rules. For example, FPSAD 29 is developed on the basis of ISA 610.

Another part of the standards had differences.

With the introduction of the ISA, all FPSADs were replaced (see Table 1), and some adjustments occurred in each regulated area.

Table 1

Which MSAs were replaced by FPSAD

Russian standards	International standards












FPSAD 5/2010
FPSAD 6/2010

In addition, ISAs have appeared that have no analogues in domestic practice (ISAs 265, 330, 450, etc.).

Conclusion! Thus, the regulatory regulation of auditing activities has become complete and modern.

International Review Standards (IUCN)

In 2018 - 2019 there are 2 IUCNs:

historical financial reporting review engagements (IUCN 2400);
Review of interim financial information (IUCN 2410).

IUCN 2400 applies to practitioners who review financial statements rather than audit them. It also indicates what the essence of the activities of such specialists is. They have to:

study, analyze the organization’s financial statements and obtain limited confidence in the absence of material misstatements of information;
submit a written opinion.

IUCN 2400 describes in detail how a specialist should work, what conclusions he can draw, and how the conclusion is drawn up.

International Standards for Assurance Engagements (ISAE)

In addition to international auditing standards and IUCN, the so-called MSZOU - international standards for assurance engagements. There are 5 types in total.

What is the essence of MSZOU 3000:

The specialist receives a specific task to confirm a pre-conducted assessment or to independently assess the subject of the task in accordance with the criteria.
Confidence-building tasks. This is not an audit or a review of financial information, but an independent type of activity.
The following are not assurance engagements: preparation of tax returns and calculations, consulting, performance of agreed services and compilations, participation in litigation on accounting, auditing, etc.
As a result of completing the task, the specialist receives reasonable or limited confidence in the integrity of the information received.

The practitioner, by working in accordance with ISA 3410, obtains reasonable or limited assurance that the GHG emissions statements are free from misstatements.

Finally, ISA 3420 is used by the professional when conducting an examination to compile pro forma financial information included in a prospectus.

International Standards for Related Services (ISAS)

It is known that the auditor, in addition to the main audit activity, can provide related services. The procedure for their provision is established by ISSU 4400.

According to ISSU 4410:

This is not an assurance engagement and the practitioner is not required to obtain evidence of the accuracy and completeness of the information provided;
Management bears sole responsibility for the underlying financial information.

As a result of the completed engagement, the auditor submits a report on the compilation of financial information.

Other international acts related to auditing activities

In addition to the above standards, auditing activities are regulated by a number of regulations, such as:

International Report on Auditing Practices (IAP) 1000. This document provides practical assistance to auditors by detailing the financial instruments used by organizations of all types.
Audit Quality Framework: Key elements that shape the audit quality environment.
International concept of assurance assignments.
Glossary of terms used in ISA.
Structure of the collection of standards issued by the International Standards Board on Auditing and Assurance Engagements.
Preface to the collection of international standards for quality control, auditing and review, other assurance and related services engagements.

ISA structure

All ISAs, IUCNs, MSZOUs, MSSUs are structured in a similar way. The differences between them depend on the type of issue being regulated:

At the beginning of the document is its full title.
The introductory part, where the scope of application of the standard, the nature of the specialist’s responsibility, the purpose and nature of the task are written.
Procedure for applying the standard.
Date of entry into force of the act.
Terms with definitions used in this act.
Requirements for completing the task (each standard has its own).
Quality control by the manager.
The procedure for agreeing on a task with the management of the enterprise, information interaction with it.
Guidelines for completing the task (what a specialist should understand, what to develop, etc.).
Principles of forming a conclusion, writing a report, etc.

International Professional Standards for Internal Auditing

So, in Russia, international auditing standards are mandatory, the only ones for use in 2018 - 2019. Let's consider how this applies to the so-called internal auditors.

International professional standards for internal auditing have already been mentioned above. Let us briefly highlight their contents:

The goals, powers and responsibilities of internal auditors are determined by a local act of the enterprise.
The same requirements are established for internal auditors as for auditors under Law No. 307-FZ: independence, objectivity, professionalism, prudence, business continuity.
A separate chapter is devoted to the management and management of the internal auditors department.
Brief instructions for the activity are given: drawing up a task plan, its goals, volume, content, etc.
A final conclusion is drawn up and risks are identified.

Audit according to international financial reporting standards

In conclusion, I would like to talk a little about the audit for compliance with international financial reporting standards.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are standards that define the rules for preparing financial statements. Some of them become mandatory for use from 01/01/2018 (for example, IFRS 2).

The purpose of an IFRS audit is to form an opinion on the financial statements. The procedure for conducting it is established by ISA 700. Let's consider it:

The auditor must form his opinion on the financial statements of the enterprise based on the audit evidence obtained and clearly express it in the form of a written opinion.
With his opinion, the auditor confirms that the financial statements have been prepared in all material respects in accordance with IFRS.
To express the above opinion, the auditor must first ensure that the information provided is free from distortions or errors. Such conclusions are made in accordance with ISA 450.
The auditor's report on the compliance of financial statements with IFRS requirements is drawn up in writing. ISA 700 provides 4 examples of drawing up such a conclusion.

This order, in general, existed before, but some points were introduced and clarified by new acts.

In 2018 - 2019, the activities of auditors are regulated by international auditing standards, which:

professional terms are introduced and definitions are given;
the responsibilities of auditors are listed;
their activities are regulated, a clear goal and objectives are indicated;
examples of drawing up an audit report are given, etc.

In addition to direct auditing activities, separate international acts regulate audit-related services (reviews, etc.).

The rule on the mandatory application of ISAs does not apply to internal auditors, since their activities are carried out in accordance with the local act of the organization.

Domestic standards are determined in accordance with the Federal Law “On Auditing Activities”

The rules (standards) of auditing activities are divided into:

Federal auditing standards:

1) determine the requirements for the procedure for carrying out audit activities;

2) are developed in accordance with international auditing standards;

3) are mandatory for audit organizations, auditors, as well as self-regulatory organizations of auditors and their employees.

Internal auditing standards of a self-regulatory organization of auditors:

1) determine the requirements for audit procedures, additional to the requirements established by the federal auditing standards, if this is due to the specifics of the audit or the specifics of the provision of audit-related services;

2) cannot contradict federal auditing standards;

3) should not create obstacles to the implementation of audit activities by audit organizations and individual auditors;

4) are mandatory for audit organizations, auditors who are members of the specified self-regulatory organization of auditors.

Internal documents of audit organizations and individual auditors.

Federal Auditing Standards

The developed draft rules (standards) largely comply with international auditing standards.

Federal auditing standards were approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federationdated September 23, 2002 No. 696(as amended on January 27, 2011):

Rule (standard) No. 1. Purpose and basic principles of audit of financial (accounting) statements

Rule (standard) No. 2. Documentation of the audit

Rule (standard) No. 3. Audit planning

Rule (standard) No. 4. Materiality in an audit

Rule (standard) No. 5. Audit evidence

Rule (standard) No. 7. Quality control of audit assignments

Rule (standard) No. 8. Understanding the activities of the audited entity, the environment in which it is carried out, and assessing the risks of material misstatement of the audited financial (accounting) statements

Rule (standard) No. 9. Related parties

Rule (standard) No. 10. Events after the reporting date

Rule (standard) No. 11. Applicability of the continuity assumption

activities of the audited entity

Rule (standard) No. 12. Agreement on the terms of the audit

Rule (standard) No. 13. No longer in force

Rule (standard) No. 14. No longer in force

Rule (standard) No. 15. No longer in force(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 19, 2008 N 863)

Rule (standard) No. 16. Audit sampling

Rule (standard) No. 17. Obtaining audit evidence in specific cases

Rule (standard) No. 18. Obtaining by the auditor of supporting information from external sources

Rule (standard) No. 19. Features of the first audit of the audited entity

Rule (standard) No. 20. Analytical procedures

Rule (standard) No. 21. Features of the audit of estimated values

Rule (standard) No. 22. Communication of information obtained from the audit results to the management of the audited entity and representatives of its owner

Rule (standard) No. 23. Statements and explanations of the management of the audited entity

Rule (standard) No. 24. Basic principles of federal rules (standards) of auditing related to services that can be provided by audit organizations and auditors

Rule (standard) No. 25. Taking into account the characteristics of the audited entity, whose financial (accounting) statements are prepared by a specialized organization

Rule (standard) No. 26. Comparable data in financial (accounting) statements

Rule (standard) No. 27. Other information in documents containing audited financial (accounting) statements

Rule (standard) No. 28. Use of the work of another auditor

Rule (Standard) No. 29. Review of Internal Audit Work

Rule (Standard) No. 30. Implementation of agreed procedures in relation to financial information

Rule (Standard) No. 31. Compilation of Financial Information

Rule (standard) No. 32 Use by the auditor of the results of the expert’s work

Rule (standard) No. 33 Review of financial (accounting) statements

Rule (standard) No. 34 Quality control of services in audit organizations

Federal auditing standards approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 20, 2010 No. 46n:

FSAD 1/2010. Auditor's report on the accounting (financial) statements and formation of an opinion on their reliability

FSAD 2/2010. Modified opinion in the auditor's report

FSAD 3/2010. Additional information in the auditor's report

FSAD 4/2010 Principles of external quality control of the work of audit organizations, individual auditors and requirements for the organization of this control.

FSAD 5/2010 (since 2011) Responsibilities of the auditor to address fraud during the audit

FSAD 6/2010 (since 2011) Responsibilities of the auditor to review the audited entity’s compliance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts during the audit

Self-test questions:

How are auditing standards classified?

Provide a definition of an auditing standard.

Describe the structure of the auditing standard and its content.

Give a general description of International Auditing Standards.

Provide a description of the federal rules (standards) of auditing activities and the standards of self-regulatory organizations of auditors.

Auditing standards are divided into international and national. developed by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). The preface to ISAs states that they should only apply to material matters, suggesting that national regulations governing the audit of financial or other information in each individual country may be used. In this regard, it is advisable to develop national standards for auditing and related services to more fully take into account the peculiarities of national systems of legislation, taxation, accounting and other aspects of the financial and economic activities of organizations.

In the preface to the International Standards on Auditing and Related Services, it is noted that IFAC member countries can apply ISAs as their national standards. To this end, the Committee on International Auditing Practices (CIAP) has prepared the text of a statement, which can be the basis for determining the legal validity of the adopted standards and the possibility of their use in a particular country.

There are three options for using ISAs and national standards. The first option involves the use of only ISA. The second is the creation and use of national auditing standards. And finally, the third, so-called combined option involves both the development of national standards (for main areas) and the use of international standards (for general problems).

In the field of auditing, Russia has chosen the second option, associated with the development of a full range of national standards. In accordance with Art. 7 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 N 307-FZ “On Auditing Activities”, national standards are divided into two groups: federal and standards of a self-regulatory organization of auditors.

Federal rules (standards) of auditing activities determine the requirements for the procedure for carrying out auditing activities, and also regulate other issues contained in Law N 307-FZ. They are developed in accordance with ISAs and are mandatory for audit organizations, individual auditors, as well as self-regulatory organizations of auditors.

The standards of the self-regulatory organization of auditors establish requirements for audit procedures that are additional to the requirements of federal standards, if this is due to the specifics of conducting an audit or providing audit-related services. Such standards cannot contradict federal standards and should not create obstacles for audit organizations and individual auditors to carry out their professional activities. They are mandatory for audit organizations and auditors who are members of a self-regulatory association of auditors.

Auditing organizations and individual auditors have the right to develop for their needs regulations, instructions, and their own auditing standards, which cannot contradict federal auditing rules (standards). The requirements of the rules (standards) of auditing activities of audit organizations and individual auditors cannot be lower than the requirements of federal standards and internal rules (standards) of auditing activities of the self-regulatory audit association of which they are members.

Federal standards, of course, should play the leading role in organizing external audit, especially mandatory audit, in the Russian Federation. Currently, there are 34 such standards, one of which (N 15) has been canceled (more precisely, merged with Standard N 8). Thus, 33 federal auditing rules (standards) are in effect.

In terms of developing and improving federal standards for the near future, two main tasks can be formulated. The first task is to update current federal standards in connection with emerging changes in the economy, legal regulation, etc. The second task is the creation of new standards (approximately 7 - 10) to obtain a full range of federal standards.

A general drawback of the current system of federal standards is the lack of their internal classification into groups that would correspond to the purposes of performing audits and related services. The presence of such a classification would allow users (auditors, accountants, students) to easily navigate the purpose and use of standards. Note that the internal classification is available in the ISA, and was also present in 37 Russian standards of the first generation (see, for example, the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants and International Auditing Standards, 2001. - M.: MTsRSBU, 2002).

Based on existing experience, the following classification of federal rules (standards) for auditing activities seems appropriate (see table).

Classification of current federal rules (standards) of auditing activities

N Rules (standard)	Name standard
Group 1. Basic principles
	Purpose and main audit principles financial (accounting) reporting	Introduction, purpose of audit, general principles audit, scope of audit, reasonable confidence, responsibility
Group 2. Responsibility of auditors
	Negotiation of conditions conducting an audit	Introduction, audit agreement services, recurring audit, change audit engagement, application Example of an audit letter
	Auditor's Responsibilities upon consideration errors and unscrupulous actions during audit	Introduction, mistakes and dishonesty actions; responsibility of representatives owner and management of the audited faces; auditor's responsibilities; audit procedures under circumstances indicating possible distortions financial (accounting) statements Impact of financial misstatements (accounting) statements for audit report, documentation risk factors and additional audit procedures, official management statements and clarifications, communication of information, inability auditor complete the audit engagement Appendix No. 1. Examples of risk factors, related to misstatements resulting from unfair practices
	Auditor's Responsibilities upon consideration errors and unscrupulous actions during audit	1. Risk factors associated with distortions as a result (accounting) statements features of the auditee's management face and its influence on the control environment Risk factors related to the condition areas of activity of the audited entity Risk factors related to economic characteristics activity and financial stability 2. Risk factors of unscrupulous actions related to distortions in as a result of misappropriation assets Risk factors associated with exposure of assets to appropriation Risk factors associated with funds control Appendix No. 2. Examples of modification audit procedures as a reaction to assess risk factors associated with distortions as a result unfair practices 1. Professional skepticism 2. Distribution of responsibilities among audit team members 3. Accounting policies 4. Internal controls 5. Modification of character, temporary scope and scope of procedures 6. Features of procedures related to specific account balance accounting, a group of similar business transactions and background financial (accounting) preparation reporting 7. Measures to search for distortions in the result unfair preparation of financial (accounting) statements 8. Measures to search for distortions arising as a result of misappropriation of assets Appendix No. 3. Examples of circumstances, indicating possible dishonesty or mistake
	Accounting for Requirements regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation during audit	Introduction; management responsibility audited entity for compliance regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federations; auditor review compliance with Russian legislation Federation by the audited entity; procedures, used in identifying facts non-compliance with regulations Russian Federation; message about non-compliance with regulations Russian Federation; refusal audit engagement Application. Examples of facts that may indicate non-compliance audited entity regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation
Group 3. Planning and documenting the audit
	Documentation audit	Introduction, form and content of workers documents, confidentiality, ensuring the safety of workers documents and ownership of them
	Audit planning	Introduction, work planning, general audit plan, audit program, changes in the general plan and audit program
	Materiality in audit	Introduction, materiality, relationship between materiality and audit risk, materiality and audit risk in assessing audit evidence, impact assessment distortion
	Audit assessment risks and internal control, carried out audited entity	The standard includes the contents of the two earlier accepted Standards - No. 8 and No. 15. Uniform requirements have been established for understanding the activities of the audited entity and the environment in which it is carried out Risk assessment procedures and sources information about the activities of the auditee faces Assessment of material misstatement information Reporting information received via audit results, management audited entity and representatives owner Documentation information
	Applicability assumptions continuity activities audited entity	Introduction; factors influencing for going concern; actions planning and audit auditor application of the continuity assumption activities of the audited entity; additional audit procedures in if factors related to going concern assumptions audited entity; auditor's findings and audit report; signing or approval of financial (accounting) reporting much later than reporting dates
	Audit sample	Introduction; definitions used in this Rule (Standard) auditing activities; audit proof; taking into account the risk upon receipt audit evidence; selection elements to be tested in order to obtaining audit evidence; statistical and non-statistical sampling approaches, sampling design, sample size; selection population to be verified elements; conducting audits procedures; nature and cause of errors; extrapolation (propagation) of errors; evaluation of the results of checking elements in selected population Appendix No. 1. Examples of factors, collections for testing means internal control Appendix No. 2. Examples of factors, influencing the volume of selected totality for substantive verification Appendix No. 3. Characteristics of methods population selection
Group 4. Internal audit quality control
	Internal control audit quality	Introduction, software requirements audit quality during the audit checks; manager's responsibilities assurance audit quality of audit; ethical requirements; acceptance for service new client or continuation cooperation with the client on specific audit engagement; formation audit team; completing a task; monitoring
	Quality control audit services organizations	Introduction; management responsibilities audit organization for assurance quality of services provided by the audit organization; ethical requirements; accepting a new client or continuation of cooperation; personnel Job; completing a task; monitoring; documentation
Group 5. Audit evidence
	Audit proof	Introduction, sufficient proper audit evidence, procedures obtaining audit evidence
	Receipt audit evidence in specific cases	Introduction, presence of the auditor at conducting an inventory of material and inventory, disclosure information about court cases and claims disputes, assessment and disclosure information on long-term financial investments, disclosure of information on reportable financial segments (accounting) statements of the audited faces
	Receipt by the auditor confirming information from external sources	Introduction; connection between external procedures confirmations with risk assessment; prerequisites for preparing financial (accounting) statements in relation to which external confirmations; preparing a request for external confirmation; positive and negative external confirmations; wishes of the management of the audited entity; characteristics of the persons providing the answer upon request; external procedure confirmations; evaluation of results responses received; receiving external confirmations before the reporting date
	Audit Features estimated values	Introduction; features of calculating estimated values; audit procedures for audit of estimates; general and detailed review of procedures applied management of the audited entity; use of independent assessment; checking subsequent events; grade results of audit procedures
	Analytical procedures	Introduction, nature and purposes of analytical procedures, analytical procedures for audit planning, analytical procedures as a type of audit substantive verification procedures, analytical procedures as general financial review (accounting) reporting, reliability analytical procedures, actions auditor in case of deviation from expected patterns
Group 6. Using the work of third parties
	Usage work results another auditor	Introduction; appointment of the main auditor; procedures performed by the main auditor; cooperation between auditors; questions requiring consideration when compiling auditor's report; separation responsibility
	Review of work internal audit	Introduction, scope and objectives of internal audit, the relationship between internal audit and external auditor, understanding and preliminary assessment of internal audit, terms of interaction and coordination, performance assessment internal audit
	Usage auditor work results expert	Introduction, definition of need use of work results expert, competence and objectivity expert, amount of expert work, assessment results of the expert's work, link to results of the expert's work in the audit conclusion
Group 7. Audit findings and reports
	Audit conclusion on financial (accounting) reporting	Introduction; main elements of audit conclusions; audit report; modified auditor's report; circumstances that may lead to expression of an opinion that is not unconditionally positive
	Affiliates	Introduction, existence of related parties and disclosure of information about them, verification transactions with related parties, statement from the management of the audited entity, auditor's findings, auditor's report
	Events after reporting date	Introduction; events that occurred before the date signing the audit report; reflection of events that happened after date of signing the audit report, but before the date of provision to users financial (accounting) statements; reflection of events discovered after providing users with financial (accounting) statements; carrying out the issue of securities
	Features of the first audit of the auditee faces	Introduction, audit procedures for the first audit of the audited entity, features of the auditor's report when the first audit of the audited entity. Application. Sample fragment the final part of the audit conclusion, including a reservation in connection with non-participation of the auditor in the inventory inventories
	Message information, received from audit results, management the audited entity and his representatives owner	Introduction; proper recipients information; information that should be communicate to management of the audited entity and representatives of its owner; deadlines reporting information to management the audited entity and its representatives owner; information reporting forms to the proper recipients; confidentiality; regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation regarding provision of information by the auditor
	Statements and clarifications manuals audited entity	Introduction, recognition by management the audited entity's responsibility for financial (accounting) statements audited entity, use of the audited entity as audit evidence, documentation management statements and clarifications audited entity, the auditor's actions when failure of the audited entity's management submit statements and explanations Application. Sample letter of representation
	Other information in documents, containing audited financial (accounting) reporting	Introduction, access to other information, review of other information, significant inconsistencies, material misrepresentation of facts, availability of other information after the date auditor's report
	Taking into account features audited entity, financial (accounting) whose reporting prepares specialized organization	Introduction; issues being considered auditor of the audited entity; conclusion auditor of a specialized organization
	Comparable data in financial (accounting) reporting	Introduction, related indicators, comparable financial (accounting) reporting Application. Examples of audit conclusions Example A. Auditor's report, para. 1 clause 9 of the Federal Rule (standard) N 26 Example B. Auditor's report, compiled in the cases given in para. 2 clause 9 of the Federal Rule (standard) N 26 Example B. Auditor's report, compiled in the cases given in clause 19 of the Federal Rule (standard) N 26 Example D. Auditor's report, compiled in the cases given in clause 13 of the Federal Rule (standard) N 26 Example D. Auditor's report, compiled in the cases given in pp. "b" clause 21 of the Federal Rule (standard) N 26
Group 8. Related audit services
	Basic principles federal rules (standards) audit activities, related to services that can be provided audit organizations and auditors	Introduction; basic principles of financial (accounting) statements; basic principles of audit and related audit services; confidence levels, provided by the auditor; audit; audit-related services, inappropriate use of name auditor Application. Comparative characteristics audit and audit-related services
	Performance agreed upon procedures regarding financial information	Introduction, the purpose of fulfilling the agreed upon agreed procedures regarding financial information, definition conditions for fulfillment of agreed procedures regarding financial information, procedures and evidence, preparing of report Application. Example of a factual report, noted during the implementation of the agreed procedures for verifying creditor debt
	Compilation financial information	Introduction, purpose of financial compilation information, general principles of implementation compilation of financial information, defining compilation conditions financial information, procedures, preparation of an implementation report compilation of financial information Application. Examples of compilation reports financial information 1. Financial Compilation Report (accounting) statements 2. Financial compilation report (accounting) statements with text, drawing attention to existing deviations from basic principles preparation of financial (accounting) reporting
	Review check financial (accounting) reporting	Introduction, general principles of implementation review, conditions for conducting review, procedures and evidence, preparation of conclusions on review results Appendix 1. Sample list procedures that can be carried out in during a figurative audit of financial (accounting) statements Appendix 2. Example of a conclusion on results of the review with expression of unconditional positive opinion Appendix 3. Examples of conclusions on the results of the review, containing an opinion that is not unconditionally positive
Group 9. Education and training
Standards are under development

Thus, we have formed 9 groups of standards.

First the group includes one standard and, in addition to the Federal Law “On Auditing”, is considered here purpose and basic principles of auditing accounting (financial) statements.

Second the group includes three standards and is dedicated to auditors' liability and audit organizations.

Third the group contains 6 standards and is used in the daily work of auditors in terms of registration of procedures for planning and documenting audit activities. Within this group, it is advisable for self-regulatory audit associations to develop internal standards for their members. Such standards should contain various tables, document forms, and brief instructions for planning and documentation work. They will be especially useful for novice auditors.

Fourth the group includes two standards and is devoted to issues quality of audit assignments and quality of services the audit organizations themselves.

Fifth the group contains five standards devoted to the most important aspects of auditing: methods of collecting audit evidence, analytical procedures, audit sampling, the use of estimates in accounting, etc.

Sixth group includes three standards that address issues related to the use for conducting an audit of the expert’s work results, the work of the internal auditor and other audit organization (auditor).

Seventh the group covers 9 standards dedicated to drawing up reports and conclusions, development of the most important audit document - the conclusion on the accounting (financial) statements, the procedure for processing information based on the results of the audit (auditor's report, written information), features of the first audit of the audited entity, etc.

Eighth the group is relatively new and includes four standards, one of which is devoted to the analysis of the concept " Related audit services", and three standards contain requirements for the provision of such services, such as the implementation of agreed procedures in relation to financial reporting, compilation of financial information; review of financial statements.

Ninth The group is under development.

Comparison of the above classification with ISA will make it possible to draw up an adequate program for the preparation of new, most necessary federal rules (standards) of auditing activities for the Russian Federation.

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